Whether Dirofilaria repens parasites from South India belong to zoonotic Candidatus Dirofilaria hongkongensis (Dirofilaria sp. hongkongensis)?

Pradeep, R.; Nimisha, Murikoli; Vidya, P. Nair; Johns, Joju; Chandy, George; Nair, Suresh; Chandrasekhar, Leena; Ajithkumar, Karapparambu Gopalan; Chirayath, Deepa; Varghese, Anju; Ravindran, Reghu

doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2018.10.019

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In 2012, a putatively new species belonging to the genus Dirofilaria was described for the first time in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, causing cervical lymphadenopathy, subcutaneous masses and subconjunctival nodules in three human patients (To et al, 2012). This nematode, which was genetically related to D. repens, was subsequently reported once again in a human patient in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (Kwok et al, 2016), in an Austrian traveller returning from the Indian subcontinent (Winkler et al, 2017), and dogs, jackals and humans in south India (Pradeep et al, 2019). In Thailand, two additional genotypes from cats were shown to be closely related, but different from the parasite reported in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and India (Yilmaz et al, 2016(Yilmaz et al, , 2019.…”

Section: Vector-borne Parasitic Zoonosesmentioning

confidence: 96%

TroCCAP recommendations for the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of parasitic infections in dogs and cats in the tropics

Dantas‐Torres

Ketzis

Mihalca

et al. 2020

Veterinary Parasitology

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The Tropical Council for Companion Animal Parasites Ltd. (TroCCAP) is a not-forprofit organisation whose mission is to independently inform, guide and make bestpractice recommendations for the diagnosis, treatment and control of companion animal parasites in the tropics and sub-tropics, with the aim of protecting animal and human health. In line with this primary mission, TroCCAP recently developed guidelines for the diagnosis, treatment and control of feline and canine parasites in the tropics. The development of these guidelines required unique and complex considerations to be addressed, often inapplicable to developed nations. Much of the tropics encompass middle-to-low income countries in which poor standards of environmental hygiene and large populations of stray dogs and cats coexist. In these regions, a range of parasites pose a high risk to companion animals, which ultimately may place their owners at risk of acquiring parasitic zoonoses. These considerations led to the development of unique recommendations with regard, for example, to deworming and endoparasite testing intervals for the control of both global and 'region-specific' parasites in the tropics.Moreover, the 'off-' or 'extra'-label use of drugs for the treatment and control of parasitic infections is common practice in many tropical countries and many generic products lack manufacturers' information on efficacy, safety, and quality control.Recommendations and advice concerning the use of such drugs and protocols are also addressed in these guidelines. The formation of these guidelines is an important first step towards improving the education of veterinarians specifically regarding bestpractice for the diagnosis, treatment and control of canine and feline parasites in the tropics.

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Section: Vector-borne Parasitic Zoonosesmentioning

confidence: 96%

TroCCAP recommendations for the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of parasitic infections in dogs and cats in the tropics

Dantas‐Torres

Ketzis

Mihalca

et al. 2020

Veterinary Parasitology

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“…The parasite reported by To et al [3] as "Candidatus Dirofilaria hongkongensis" has been detected in an Austrian traveller returning from the Indian subcontinent [9], in dogs, jackals and humans in south India [12,13], and again in a human in Hong Kong [5,15]. Other authors identified additional genotypes related to D. repens, referred to as Candidatus Dirofilaria sp.…”

Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…hongkongensis, Dirofilaria sp. "hongkongensis", and Candidatus Dirofilaria (Nochtiella) Honkongensis, by different authors [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Letter To the Editormentioning

confidence: 99%

On the validity of “Candidatus Dirofilaria hongkongensis” and on the use of the provisional status Candidatus in zoological nomenclature

Dantas‐Torres

Otranto

2020

Parasites Vectors

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The fast development of molecular taxonomy is impacting our knowledge of the world parasite diversity at an unprecedented level. A number of operational taxonomic units have been uncovered and new species described. However, it is not always that new parasite species are being described in compliance with the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. This is the case of "Candidatus Dirofilaria hongkongensis", a nematode found in dogs, jackals and humans in Hong Kong and parts of India. This name has been proposed without a formal description and without the designation of a holotype, and therefore is an unavailable name. Finally, we argue that using the provisional status Candidatus in zoological nomenclature is inappropriate, considering this term is not considered in the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.

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“…4,5 This novel species has been subsequently identified in travelers returning to Austria and Germany from India including indigenous cases in India and China. [6][7][8][9][10] Although sporadic cases of pulmonary and subcutaneous dirofilariasis in humans have been reported in Thailand, it is likely that the number of cases may be underrepresented due to some undiagnosed and unreported cases. [11][12][13][14] Herein, we described a Thai patient presenting with an eyelid mass in which histopathological examination was consistent with D. repens infection whereas the mitochondrial 12S rRNA sequence has confirmed it to be Candidatus D. hongkongensis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case Report: An Eyelid Nodule Caused by Candidatus Dirofilaria hongkongensis Diagnosed by Mitochondrial 12S rRNA Sequence

Tirakunwichcha

Sansopha

Putaporntip

et al. 2021

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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A 59-year-old female living in Rayong Province, eastern Thailand, presented with painless, right upper eyelid nodule for 3 months. Upon removal of the eyelid mass, a well-circumscribed, firm globular mass with diameter about 1 cm was found. Histopathological examination revealed an immature female dirofilarial worm reminiscent of Dirofilaria repens, characterized by prominent sharp longitudinal ridges at external surface of the cuticle. Analysis of the mitochondrial 12S rRNA sequence showed that the worm belongs to Candidatus Dirofilaria hongkongensis. It is likely that some infections previously reported as D. repens based on histological examination may have actually been due to Candidatus D. hongkongensis.

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Whether Dirofilaria repens parasites from South India belong to zoonotic Candidatus Dirofilaria hongkongensis (Dirofilaria sp. hongkongensis)?

Cited by 16 publications

References 35 publications

TroCCAP recommendations for the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of parasitic infections in dogs and cats in the tropics

TroCCAP recommendations for the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of parasitic infections in dogs and cats in the tropics

On the validity of “Candidatus Dirofilaria hongkongensis” and on the use of the provisional status Candidatus in zoological nomenclature

Case Report: An Eyelid Nodule Caused by Candidatus Dirofilaria hongkongensis Diagnosed by Mitochondrial 12S rRNA Sequence

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