“…Learning processes, like collaboration and meaning-making, may be understood as group-level processes (Stahl, 2017) rather than as an indicator of individual accomplishment. Moreover, because learning is situated in both everyday and designed contexts, groups rely upon their use of tools, shared resources, and distributed cognition to engage in joint activity (e.g., Slakmon & Schwarz, 2017). From this perspective, OFDL is conceived of as access to and participation in authentic social activity among and across networks comprised of people, shared technologies, and material and ideational resources that enable negotiation, meaning-making, and knowledge construction (e.g., Bali & Caines, 2018;West-Puckett, Smith, Cantrill, & Zamora, 2018).…”