Where is the hope for drug discovery? Let history tell the future

Kong, De-Xin; Li, Xuejuan; Zhang, Hongyu

doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2008.07.002

Cited by 132 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The first antimalarial agents, including quinine as well as the next generation of antimalarial agents, such as lapachol and artemisinin, have been isolated from plants (7,8). Traditional medicines have a high potential as novel drug candidates, can provide valuable clues to find novel drugs and may shift the drug discovery paradigm from 'finding new-entity drugs' to 'combining existing agents' (9,10). Certain approaches in finding novel drugs use plants that are consumed by particular groups (11).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiplasmodial properties of kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside isolated from the leaves of Schima wallichii against chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum

et al. 2014

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Abstract. Previous intervention studies have shown that the most effective agents used in the treatment of malaria were isolated from natural sources. Plants consumed by non-human primates serve as potential drug sources for human disease management due to the similarities in anatomy, physiology and disease characteristics. The present study investigated the antiplasmodial properties of the primate-consumed plant, Schima wallichii (S. wallichii) Korth. (family Theaceae), which has already been reported to have several biological activities. The ethanol extract of S. wallichii was fractionated based on polarity using n-hexane, ethyl acetate and water. The antiplasmodial activity was tested in vitro against chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) at 100 µg/ml for 72 h. The major compound of the most active ethyl acetate fraction was subsequently isolated using column chromatography and identified by nuclear magnetic resonance. The characterized compound was also tested against chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum in culture to evaluate its antiplasmodial activity. The ethanol extract of S. wallichii at 100 µg/ml exhibited a significant parasite shrinkage after 24 h of treatment. The ethyl acetate fraction at 100 µg/ml was the most active fraction against chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum. Based on the structural characterization, the major compound isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction was kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside, which showed promising antiplasmodial activity against chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum with an IC 50 of 106 µM after 24 h of treatment. The present study has provided a basis for the further investigation of kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside as an active compound for potential antimalarial therapeutics.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiplasmodial properties of kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside isolated from the leaves of Schima wallichii against chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum

et al. 2014

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“…Of the four anti-Alzheimer's drugs approved in the period 1981-2002 that were new chemical entities, one was a natural product while the others were synthetic mimics of natural products (Newman et al 2003). Approaches to finding new leads for drug development include high throughput screening of libraries of natural products, mining of database entries and the investigation of historical herbal texts (Buenz et al 2004;Kong et al 2009;Watkins et al 2011). A review of approaches found that although the random collection of botanical specimens followed by high throughput screening remains the industrial approach of choice, the ethnobiological approach has been more successful since plant-derived drug discovery efforts began (Fabricant and Farnsworth 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the traditional Chinese literature for herbal formulae and individual herbs used for age-related dementia and memory impairment

May

Bennett

et al. 2012

Biogerontology

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Natural products are the basis of many systems of traditional medicine and continue to provide sources for new drugs. Ethnobiological approaches to drug discovery that have proven productive in the past include the investigation of traditional medical literatures. This study describes a broadly applicable method for locating, selecting and evaluating citations in the traditional Chinese herbal medicine literature of the dynastic period (until 1911) for specific symptoms or disorders. This methodology is applied to evaluate multi-herb formulae for age-related dementia and memory impairment. Of the 174 multi-herb formulae located in the searches, 19 were for disorders broadly consistent with amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and/or Age Associated Memory Impairment (AAMI). These appeared in books written between c. 650 to 1911. Of the 176 herbs that appeared in these 19 formulae, those with the highest frequencies were tabulated and hierarchical cluster analysis was undertaken. Chinese pharmacopoeias were consulted to determine the botanical identity of the herbs and also which herbs within the formulas were specific for memory disorders. This study found that the top ten herbs, in terms of frequency of inclusion in multi-herb formulae specific for age-related memory disorders, were all listed in the pharmacopoeias for memory disorders and these formed three clusters. The herbs identified in this study may warrant further experimental and clinical evaluation both individually and in combination.

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“…It is estimated that there are at least 25% of drugs in western medicines using natural products as major components, and a much higher proportion of drugs in TCM (Wang et al 2008;Harvey 2008;Kong et al 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global performance of traditional Chinese medicine over three decades

et al. 2011

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Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which is divided into three subfields, including Chinese medicine, Chinese herb and acupuncture, attracts increasing attentions due to its challenging and significant medical values. This study employs bibliometric analysis to examine the profile of publication activity in TCM field as well as its subfields. The data are retrieved from the Science Citation Index Expanded database during 1980-2009, and 16,536 papers are identified for analysis. Generally speaking, proportions of papers in subfield of acupuncture decreased dramatically, while the proportions of papers of Chinese medicine and Chinese herb rose increasingly. This study finds that East Asia has the largest number of TCM papers, followed by North America and Europe. Furthermore, while China is ranked first in terms of the amount of TCM publications, USA gains the highest percentage of citations. As for regional specialty, mainly, scholars in East Asia publish intensively in Chinese medicine, while most of the scholars in North America and Europe probe into the study of acupuncture. In the latest two decades, China took the first place over Japan in subfields of both Chinese medicine and Chinese herb, while the US has always kept the largest share in acupuncture with a marked upward trend. Regarding the top-ranked TCM institution, Chinese Academy of Sciences located in China, is ranked first in the subfields of Chinese medicine and Chinese herb as well. As for Kyung Hee University, which is located in South Korea, is ranked first in the number of acupuncture papers and Harvard University is ranked first in number of acupuncture citations.

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Where is the hope for drug discovery? Let history tell the future

Cited by 132 publications

References 47 publications

Antiplasmodial properties of kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside isolated from the leaves of Schima wallichii against chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum

Antiplasmodial properties of kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside isolated from the leaves of Schima wallichii against chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum

Evaluating the traditional Chinese literature for herbal formulae and individual herbs used for age-related dementia and memory impairment

Global performance of traditional Chinese medicine over three decades

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