Where Is the Anterior Temporal Lobe and What Does It Do?

Bonner, Michael; Price, Amy

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0041-13.2013

Cited by 150 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Yet, little is known about the effect of lifelong bilingualism, as a natural life experience, on brain structure, particularly in older adults (Luk, Bialystok, Craik, & Grady, 2011;see Bialystok, Craik, & Luk, 2012 for a review). Recently, Abutalebi and colleagues (2014) found greater grey matter volumes in the left anterior temporal pole, a region known for its role in semantic processing (Bonner & Price, 2013) and the retrieval of proper names (Ross et al, 2010) in older bilinguals relative to monolinguals. This same study also demonstrated significant group differences in the relationship between temporal pole grey matter and age, suggesting that bilingualism may protect this region from age-related structural decline.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of lifelong bilingualism on regional grey and white matter volume

et al. 2015

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Lifelong bilingualism is associated with the delayed diagnosis of dementia, suggesting bilingual experience is relevant to brain health in aging. While the effects of bilingualism on cognitive functions across the lifespan are well documented, less is known about the neural substrates underlying differential behavior. It is clear that bilingualism affects brain regions that mediate language abilities and that these regions are at least partially overlapping with those that exhibit age-related decline.Moreover, the behavioural advantages observed in bilingualism are generally found in executive function performance, suggesting that the frontal lobes may also be sensitive to bilingualism, which exhibit volume reductions with age. The current study investigated structural differences in the brain of lifelong bilingual older adults (n = 14, mean age = 70.4) compared with older monolinguals (n = 14, mean age= 70.6). We employed two analytic approaches: 1) we examined global differences in grey and white matter volumes; and, 2) we examined local differences in volume and cortical thickness of specific regions of interest previously implicated in bilingual/monolingual comparisons (temporal pole) or in aging (entorhinal cortex and hippocampus). We expected bilinguals would exhibit greater volume of the frontal lobe and temporal lobe (grey and white matter), given the importance of these regions in executive and language functions, respectively. We further hypothesized that regions in the medial temporal lobe, which demonstrate early changes in aging and exhibit neural pathology in dementia, would be more preserved in the bilingual group. As predicted, bilinguals exhibit greater frontal lobe white matter compared with monolinguals. Moreover, increasing age was related to decreasing temporal pole cortical thickness in the monolingual group, but no such relationship was observed for bilinguals. Finally, Stroop task performance was positively correlated with frontal lobe white matter, emphasizing the importance of preserved white matter in maintaining executive function in aging.These results underscore previous findings implicating an association between bilingualism and preserved frontal and temporal lobe function in aging.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of lifelong bilingualism on regional grey and white matter volume

et al. 2015

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“…First, most of the previous attempts to disentangle the effects of damage to ATL on naming dysfunction have studied patients with extensive lesions, often bilateral, encompassing several critical brain regions (Bonner and Price 2013;Mesulam et al 2009). Second, due to the anatomical heterogeneity of the ATL, which contains several cytoarchitectonic areas and different large-scale connectivity patterns (Ding et al 2009;Guo et al 2013;Pascual et al 2014), there is considerable variability in the anatomical definition of ATL (Binney et al 2012a;Bonner and Price 2013;Tsapkini et al 2011), as various ventral and lateral regions of the anterior segment of the temporal lobe have been referred to as 'ATL' (Bonner and Price 2013). Finally, one question that ''still needs to be answered is whether unilateral temporal pole damage alone'' can cause damage to object naming (Tsapkini et al 2011).…”

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confidence: 99%

Visual object naming in patients with small lesions centered at the left temporopolar region

et al. 2014

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Naming is considered a left hemisphere function that operates according to a posterior-anterior specificity gradient, with more fine-grained information processed in most anterior regions of the temporal lobe (ATL), including the temporal pole (TP). Word finding difficulties are typically assessed using visual confrontation naming tasks, and have been associated with selective damage to ATL resulting from different aetiologies. Nonetheless, the role of the ATL and, more specifically, of the TP in the naming network is not completely established. Most of the accumulated evidence is based on studies on patients with extensive lesions, often bilateral. Furthermore, there is a considerable variability in the anatomical definition of ATL. To better understand the specific involvement of the left TP in visual object naming, we assessed a group of patients with an epileptogenic lesion centered at the TP, and compared their performance with that of a strictly matched control group. We also administered a battery of verbal and non-verbal semantic tasks that was used as a semantic memory baseline. Patients showed an impaired naming ability, manifesting in a certain degree of anomia and semantically related naming errors, which was influenced by concept familiarity. This pattern took place in a context of mild semantic dysfunction that was evident in different types and modalities of semantic tasks. Therefore, current findings demonstrate that a restricted lesion to the left TP can cause a significant deficit in object naming. Of importance, the observed semantic impairment was far from the devastating degradation observed in semantic dementia and other bilateral conditions.

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“…The affected structures are hippocampal region with the CA fields, the dentate gyrus, and the subicular complex and the adjacent perirhinal, entorhinal, and parahippocampal gyrus (45). Studies have shown psychiatric co-morbidities in temporal lobe epilepsy and temporal lobe atrophy in relation to Alzheimer's disease (13,22,36,51,66).…”

Section: █ Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictive role of external carotid artery vasospasm on cerebral ischemia in subarachnoid hemorrhage: experimental study

Ng¹,

Aydın²,

Yolaş³

et al. 2016

Turkish Neurosurgery

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AIm: Cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) may lead to a devastating neurological outcome by inducing cerebral ischemia. However the role of external carotid artery (ECA) vasospasm has been rarely reported in the literature. The aim of this study was to elucidate the effect of ECA vasospasm on cerebral ischemia related neurodegeneration in the cerebral cortex after SAH. mATERIAl and mEThODS:This study was performed on 23 rabbits, divided into three groups: control (n=5), sham (n=5), and SAH (n=13). Experimental SAH was performed by injecting 0.75 mL auricular arterial homologous blood into the cisterna magna. After three weeks, the animals were decapitated and the common carotid arteries with their external and internal branches and the brains were examined histopathologically. Vasospasm indexes (VSI) of ECAs and internal carotid arteries (ICAs) and degenerated glial cell numbers of temporal cortices (n/mm 3 ) were estimated stereologically and the results were compared statistically. CONClUSION: ECA vasospasm was observed to have a more important predictive role on the serious cerebral ischemia and neuronal degeneration after SAH. The mechanism may be related to ischemia of the parasympathetic ganglia of the lower cranial nerves and dorsal root ganglion. RESUlTS

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Where Is the Anterior Temporal Lobe and What Does It Do?

Cited by 150 publications

References 13 publications

The effect of lifelong bilingualism on regional grey and white matter volume

The effect of lifelong bilingualism on regional grey and white matter volume

Visual object naming in patients with small lesions centered at the left temporopolar region

Predictive role of external carotid artery vasospasm on cerebral ischemia in subarachnoid hemorrhage: experimental study

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