AIm: Cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) may lead to a devastating neurological outcome by inducing cerebral ischemia. However the role of external carotid artery (ECA) vasospasm has been rarely reported in the literature. The aim of this study was to elucidate the effect of ECA vasospasm on cerebral ischemia related neurodegeneration in the cerebral cortex after SAH. mATERIAl and mEThODS:This study was performed on 23 rabbits, divided into three groups: control (n=5), sham (n=5), and SAH (n=13). Experimental SAH was performed by injecting 0.75 mL auricular arterial homologous blood into the cisterna magna. After three weeks, the animals were decapitated and the common carotid arteries with their external and internal branches and the brains were examined histopathologically. Vasospasm indexes (VSI) of ECAs and internal carotid arteries (ICAs) and degenerated glial cell numbers of temporal cortices (n/mm 3 ) were estimated stereologically and the results were compared statistically. CONClUSION: ECA vasospasm was observed to have a more important predictive role on the serious cerebral ischemia and neuronal degeneration after SAH. The mechanism may be related to ischemia of the parasympathetic ganglia of the lower cranial nerves and dorsal root ganglion. RESUlTS
SUMMARYIn recent studies, some neuroleptics have shown neurotoxic activities. Clinical and experimental studies have been carried out to investigate the effects of different neuroleptic drugs considered to affect the central nervous system. The aim of this study was to evaluate neurotoxic effects of haloperidol on hippocampal neurons. The drug was given in daily doses of either 1 or 3 mg/kg for 6 weeks to adult male guinea pigs. After treatment, all animals were anaesthetized via short inhalation of ether, and then were fixed by a mixture of 2% glutaraldehyde and +2% paraformaldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer. Brains were removed from the cranium and stored in the same fixative overnight. On the following day, the CA1 region of the hippocampus was dissected out. After embedding in araldite resin and obtaining semi-thin sections, the tissues were stained with toluidine blue. The physical disector was used for measurements of nuclear height and numerical density of neurons and the sections were also evaluated histopathologically. The numerical density of neurons and nuclear height in the hippocampus for the low-dose (1 mg/kg) and high-dose (3 mg/kg) experimental groups were 12.4 mm 3 and 3.6 pm and 7.14 mm 3 and 3.56 pm, respectively. In contrast, the control group had a neuronal numerical density of 16.55 mme3 and a nuclear height of 4.09 pm. There was a significant difference in both the mean density of neurons and the mean height of nuclei between haloperidol-treated and control groups (~~0.05). There was also a statistical difference in the mean density of neurons (but not in nuclear height) when comparing the dosage of haloperidol(p
Objective To determine the role of transrectal power Doppler ultrasonography (PDU) in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Patients and methods Thirty‐six patients (mean age 66.4 years, sd 7.7, range 59–82) with possible prostate cancer, suspected from an abnormal digital rectal examination or elevated prostate specific antigen level, underwent transrectal ultrasonography, transrectal PDU and biopsy. The vascularity on PDU was graded on a scale of 0–2, where grade 1–2 was considered positive and grade 0 negative. Results The vascularity was grade 2 in 11 patients, grade 1 in 11 and grade 0 in 14; 20 of the 36 (56%) patients had prostate cancer. Of the 22 patients positive on PDU, 18 had malignant disease and four benign; two of 20 patients with histopathologically confirmed malignancy had a normal PDU. The sensitivity of PDU was 90%, the specificity 75% and the positive predictive value 82%. Conclusion Focal hypervascularity on PDU was associated with an increased likelihood of prostate cancer. Although ultrasonography alone cannot detect all cancers, even using PDU, the technique appears to increase the sensitivity and to help identify appropriate sites for biopsy.
Objective To determine the changes occurring during diCerences in content between groups 1 and 3, 1 and 4, and 2 and 4. The content in group 4 was ipsilateral spermatic cord torsion either in the presence or absence of the ipsilateral testis and epididymis, by significantly less than that in group 3. There were no significant diCerences in nitrite-nitrate contents evaluating noradrenaline and nitrite-nitrate concentrations in the contralateral testes.among any of the groups. Conclusion Spermatic cord torsion for 24 h, either in the Materials and methods Forty male albino rats were allocated randomly to one of four equal groups underpresence or absence of a testis and epididymis, significantly decreased the noradrenaline content in the going: group 1, a sham operation; group 2, ipsilateral spermatic cord torsion; group 3, epididymocontralateral testis. This finding supports the suggestion that the sympathetic system is activated by expoorchidectomy only; and group 4, spermatic cord torsion after epididymo-orchidectomy. The contralateral sure to noradrenaline in the contralateral testis during ipsilateral spermatic cord torsion, with no dependency testes were harvested after 24 h and the noradrenaline and nitrite-nitrate contents determined. The levels in on the presence of a testis and epididymis. As the nitrite-nitrate concentrations were unaCected, nitric each group were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-tests.oxide seems to have no role in contralateral testicular deterioration. Results The noradrenaline content of testes from group 2 was significantly lower than in those of Keywords Spermatic cord torsion, contralateral testicular damage, catecholamines, nitric oxide groups 1 and 3, but there were no significant rated within 24 h of ipsilateral spermatic cord torsion,
Özet:Bu araştırmada, Güney Ege Bölgesi'nde sinarit (Dentex dentex) balıkları için kıyı balıkçılığında yaygın olarak kullanılan 80 mm ağ gözü açıklığındaki fanyalı ağların seçiciliği hesaplanmıştır. Seçicilik parametreleri, operkulum ve maksimum çevre genişlikleri ölçülerini esas alan Sechin (1969) yöntemi ile tespit edilmiştir. Yakalanan 97 adet sinarit balığının biyometrik ölçümleri yapılmış, boy-ağırlık ilişkileri belirlenmiştir. Yapılan ölçümlerde minimum total boy 18 cm ve maksimum boy 77 cm olarak bulunmuştur. Ortalama total boyu ise 48.38 cm olarak tespit edilmiştir. Ağ göz açıklığı seçiciliğine ilave olarak boy ile maksimum çevre uzunluğu (G max ) ve boy ile operkulum çevre uzunluğu (G c ) arasındaki ilişkiler de belirlenmiştir. 80 mm ağ gözü açıklığına sahip fanyalı ağlarının sinarit balıkları için optimum yakalama boyunun 28 cm ve seçicilik faktörünün de 7 olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Abstract: Selectivity of trammel nets used for common dentex (Dentex dentex) fishery in the South AegeanIn this study, selectivity of trammel nets of 80 mm mesh size widely used for common dentex fishery in the South Aegean was estimated. Selectivity parameters were determined with Sechin (1969) method based on the maximum body and operculum girths. Biometric measurements of 97 common dentex specimens were taken and weight-length relationship was determined. Minimum and maximum lengths were 18 and 77 cm, respectively. Average total length was 48.38 cm. In addition to net mesh size selectivity, length-maximum girth (G max ) and length-operculum girth (G c ) relationships were determined. Optimum catch length of trammel nets with 80 mm mesh size for common dentex and selectivity factor were found as 28 cm and 7.
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