Where are the overseas graduates staying on? Overseas graduate migration and rural attachment in Australia

Tang, Angelina; Rowe, Francisco; Corcoran, Jonathan; Sigler, Thomas

doi:10.1016/j.apgeog.2014.06.004

Cited by 30 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Overall, the proportion of MC-born migrants holding a Bachelor's degree or higher is smallest in Darwin (61%) and largest in Canberra (80%), which is much higher than for the population at large (31%) (ABS, 2011). Given that the point-based immigration scheme for skilled workers attributes at least 15 out of 60 possible points to people with Bachelor's degrees or higher qualifications, MC-born migrants often have tertiary qualifications (Tang et al, 2014).…”

Section: Socio-economic Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From 1995 to 1996, more than 11,000 migrants arrived in Australia from there, accounting for 11 per cent of the total Australian immigration intake for the year (Ip et al, 2007). Since 1999, Australian immigration policy has emphasised skilled migration alongside student migration, with many MC-born migrants granted residence under the skilled migrant visa category, especially those who have completed their tertiary education in China (Tang et al, 2014). Moreover, federal, state, and local governments in Australia have advanced various policies and strategies to encourage migration from Mainland China-for example, translating official immigration websites into Chinese.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shifting dynamics of Chinese settlement in Australia: an urban geographic perspective

Wang

Sigler

Liu

et al. 2018

Geographical Research

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The so‐called Asian Century has brought with it sweeping changes in the profile of migration to Australia. This paper focuses on examining post‐2000 migration from Mainland China, which has rapidly ascended to now become Australia's top non‐Commonwealth country of origin. Significantly, the profile of post‐2000 Mainland China‐born (MC‐born) migrants has changed to mirror broader global shifts towards highly skilled, education‐related, and investment‐focused migration, all of which reflect the mobility of wealthy and/or educated cohorts. Little empirical work has focused on the degree to which this change in the profile of migration has led to the formation of novel settlement patterns. This paper aims to examine the socio‐economic characteristics of MC‐born migrants in Australian cities, to identify sub‐metropolitan areas of concentration, and to visualise spatial change in settlement patterns over time. The data indicate that although Sydney is still home to half of MC‐born migrants at a national scale, the number of migrants has increased at a more rapid rate in medium‐sized capital cities such as Adelaide and Perth. Results reveal an increasingly decentralised and suburbanised concentration of MC‐born migrants at a metropolitan scale that is linked to areas of earlier Chinese settlement, or corresponding to access to educational resources and employment opportunities. The observed patterns support the segmented assimilation theory in that the spatial settlement patterns among MC‐born migrants assume variegated forms based on individuals' socio‐economic characteristics and metropolitan‐scale factors.

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Section: Socio-economic Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shifting dynamics of Chinese settlement in Australia: an urban geographic perspective

Wang

Sigler

Liu

et al. 2018

Geographical Research

Self Cite

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“…The concentration of human capital has been considered a vital engine of regional economic growth in developed economies (Florida et al ., ; Boschma & Fritsch, ; Glaeser & Resseger, ; Faggian et al ., ; Gagliardi, ). Whilst a large body of literature has examined the spatial patterns, causes, trajectories, and socio‐economic consequences of mobility of skilled labour in the context of developed countries (Findlay et al ., , ; Abreu et al ., ; Champion et al ., ; Fratesi, ; Tang et al ., ), it is only recently that the mobility of skilled labour in China has received academic attention (Fu & Gabriel, ; Cui et al ., , ; Liu & Shen, , ; Du, ). As the second largest economy in the world, China has been striving to accelerate its economic restructuring and develop a knowledge economy, especially along the coastal region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling Skilled and Less‐Skilled Interregional Migrations in China, 2000–2005

Liu

Shen

2016

Population Space and Place

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Previous analysis and modelling of interregional migration in China have treated migrants as a homogenous group. The flow of skilled migration is the focus of recent research. However, the skilled and less-skilled migrations have not been systematically analysed and compared in terms of their determinants. Previous modelling of interregional migration in China does not take network autocorrelation into consideration. This paper attempts to fill this research gap by modelling skilled and less-skilled migrations in China using the eigenvector spatially filtered method. It is found that both skilled and lessskilled migrants tend to move away from the interior to the coastal region. Results from the eigenvector spatially filtered negative binomial regression model show that, compared with the migration of less-skilled people, the migration of skilled people is less influenced by the friction of distance, the regional unemployment rate, and the concentration of foreign investment but is more affected by the regional wage disparity. With respect to the effect of amenities, climatic amenities exert a strong influence on skilled migration but have positive effect on less-skilled migration at origin and no effect at destination. Quality medical services are influential for the migration of less-skilled people to destinations but no effect on skilled people.

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“…The 1989 Tiananmen Incident resulted in large intakes of students from mainland China as humanitarian migrants in early 1990s (Birrell 1994;Shu and Hawthorne 1996;Jupp 2001;Hugo 2008;Coughlan 2008b; Aozhou Ju Liu Er Shi Zhou Nian Ji Nian Wei Yuan Hui (Aozhou) 2014). A series of innovative immigration policies were introduced from 1998 onwards to retain temporary migrants (international students in particular) as permanent migrants in Australia (Chiou 2017;Tang et al 2014cited in Wang et al 2018. Such chronologies can also be found for Chinese in Canada, the United States and other major immigration countries (Lo and Wang 1997;Ewing 2012).…”

Section: Background the China-born Population In Australiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…innovative immigration policies were introduced to retain international students as skilled migrants(Chiou 2017;Tang et al 2014 cited in Wang et al 2018) Australia from 2001 The census China-born population increased dramatically (mainly skilled migrants and international students) Australia 2003 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome affected the number of students studying overseas in short-term China from 2005 Continuous increase in the number of students studying overseas (Ministry of Education 2017) China…”

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confidence: 99%

Measuring the spatial integration of the China-born population in Australia, 1981–2016

Guan

2019

J Pop Research

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The China-born population have a long history of migrating to and settling in Australia, and have recently grown to become the third largest overseas-born population. To measure their integration in Australia, a spatial perspective is adopted in this paper. Spatial distribution is an important indicator of immigrants' integration in the host country and is linked to their socioeconomic integration. It is generally agreed that the more concentrated immigrants distribute, the less integrated socioeconomically they are; the more immigrants' spatial distribution patterns mirror the local population, the more integrated they are. Distributions of mainland Chinese population at sub-national levels are examined. Using coefficient of variation and index of dissimilarity, spatial integration patterns of the China-born population in Australia are analyzed over time, across age groups and immigrant cohorts, and against those of other birthplace groups using 1981-2016 Australian census data. Changes in the distribution of China-born immigrants substantiate the 'contrasting' dispersion-concentration picture uncovered in earlier Australian censuses. With the influx of international students and skilled migrants, results from spatial integration analyses show a slow but uninterrupted improvement in the China-born immigrants' spatial integration after the 2001 Census. In the spatial analysis across immigrant cohorts, it is found that the interaction between cohort characteristics and lengths of residence in Australia is likely an important factor influencing the spatial distribution patterns of mainland Chinese. Findings of the study contribute to the knowledge of immigrants' spatial distribution and integration in the host country, especially in the context of Australia and a context of broader Chinese diaspora in major immigration countries.

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Where are the overseas graduates staying on? Overseas graduate migration and rural attachment in Australia

Cited by 30 publications

References 23 publications

Shifting dynamics of Chinese settlement in Australia: an urban geographic perspective

Shifting dynamics of Chinese settlement in Australia: an urban geographic perspective

Modelling Skilled and Less‐Skilled Interregional Migrations in China, 2000–2005

Measuring the spatial integration of the China-born population in Australia, 1981–2016

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