When UAV Meets IRS: Expanding Air-Ground Networks via Passive Reflection

Pang, Xiaowei; Sheng, Min; Zhao, Nan; Tang, Jie; Niyato, Dusit; Wong, Kai-Kit

doi:10.1109/mwc.010.2000528

Cited by 210 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…There will be negligible interference between various UAV networks, as WI UAVs may be equipped with antenna arrays for beamforming. Further, the performance of beamforming can be enhanced through intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) on UAV which reconfigure the propagation environment when WI UAV communications suffers from blockage and eavesdropping due to the complex environment [83]. One of the issue in the UAV-based offloading will be energy consumption due to high computation offloading and multichip routing.…”

Section: B Traffic Offloadingmentioning

confidence: 99%

6G NR-U Based Wireless Infrastructure UAV: Standardization, Opportunities, Challenges and Future Scopes

et al. 2022

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Providing ubiquitous connectivity for people and equipment with a wide range of service conditions is regarded as the major design goal of 6G networks. Moreover, the future 6G networks need to be extremely flexible to enable reliable and low-latency access for the dynamic number of mobile user equipment. The current base stations (BSs) and remote relay antennas are mostly, on the other hand, installed at fixed geographic locations based on long-term traffic patterns with little re-deployment flexibility. For most 6G applications, where dynamic data traffic occurs in both spatial and temporal domains, such rigid radio access networks (RANs) are unable to maintain ubiquitous connectivity. On the other hand, the rapid advancement of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology is creating a unique opportunity for the cellular operator to realize flying wireless infrastructure called wireless infrastructure UAV (WI UAV). WI UAV supports wireless connectivity and can stir itself to improve spectral efficiency, coverage, and quality of service of the end-users. This paper introduces 6G new radio in the unlicensed band (NR-U)-based WI UAV that can be used as a base station, relay, or data collector/disseminator. UAV are categorized based on their characteristics, applications, and operations. Further, this paper discusses various regulatory and standardization initiatives for integrating UAVs into the cellular network. Non-standalone NR-U network architecture is designed and explained for WI UAV. Several opportunities and design challenges of NR-U for the WI UAV are discussed and future scopes of WI UAVs are presented.

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Section: B Traffic Offloadingmentioning

confidence: 99%

6G NR-U Based Wireless Infrastructure UAV: Standardization, Opportunities, Challenges and Future Scopes

et al. 2022

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“…However, the vital challenge is to optimize the UAVs trajectory jointly with the IRS passive beamforming. The placement of the IRS elements is a critical factor to improve the reflection efficiency and thus needs to be carefully chosen [53]. The recent study [54] considers multiple UAVs to design the deployment of IRSs in order to maximize the average achievable rate.…”

Section: A Irs-deployment For Terrestrial Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intelligent Reflective Surface Deployment in 6G: A Comprehensive Survey

Naeem¹,

Kaddoum²,

Khan³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRSs) are considered a promising technology that can smartly reconfigure the wireless environment to enhance the performance of future wireless networks. However, the deployment of IRSs still faces challenges due to highly dynamic and mobile unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) enabled wireless environments to achieve higher capacity. This paper sheds light on the different deployment strategies for IRSs in future terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks. Specifically, in this paper, we introduce key theoretical concepts underlying the IRS paradigm and discuss the design aspects related to the deployment of IRSs in 6G networks. We also explore optimizationbased IRS deployment techniques to improve system performance in terrestrial and aerial IRSs. Furthermore, we survey modelfree reinforcement learning (RL) techniques from the deployment aspect to address the challenges of achieving higher capacity in complex and mobile IRS-assisted UAV wireless systems. Finally, we highlight challenges and future research directions from the deployment aspect of IRSs for improving system performance for the future 6G network.

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“…2) Deployment of RISs in Aerial Networks: For complex ter-rains lacking infrastructure, e.g., mountain villages, temporary hotspots, and disaster areas, where the air-to-ground channels easily suffer from blockage, the combinations of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and RISs provide more flexibility and improve the signal quality of IoE devices in the absence of line-of-sight (LoS) connectivity [8]. Fig.…”

Section: B Irc-empowered Sagin In Future Ioementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a second case, RIS is mounted on an UAV (named as a flying RIS) to address the above issue [8]. For example, an RIS is installed as a separate horizontal surface at the bottom of the UAV, which can be realized through lumped elements embedded in the reflector units.…”

Section: B Irc-empowered Sagin In Future Ioementioning

confidence: 99%

Intelligent Reflection Enabling Technologies for Integrated and Green Internet-of-Everything Beyond 5G: Communication, Sensing, and Security

Shi,

Xu,

You

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Internet-of-Everything (IoE) has gradually been recognized as an integral part of future wireless networks. In IoE, there can be an ultra-massive number of smart devices of various types to be served, imposing multi-dimensional requirements on wireless communication, sensing, and security. In this article, we provide a tutorial overview of the promising intelligent reflection communication (IRC) technologies, including reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) and ambient backscatter communication (AmBC), to support the requirements of IoE applications beyond the fifth-generation (5G) wireless communication network. Specifically, we elaborate on the benefits of IRC-assisted IoE in the context of the space-air-ground integrated communications and green communications, which are regarded as key features of supporting future IoE application from society and industries. Furthermore, we envision that the IRC-assisted communication and sensing can mutually benefit each other and articulate multiple ways of enhancing the security in IoE by the IRC. Numerical results help illustrate the importance of the IRC in unfavorable secrecy environments. Finally, open research issues and challenges about the IRC-assisted IoE are presented. I. INTRODUCTIONWith the world-wide commercial deployment of the fifthgeneration (5G) mobile communication systems starting in the mid-2019, research efforts on future wireless networks, e.g., the sixth-generation (6G) networks, are gaining momentum. Especially in 2020, China, the United States, Europe, Japan and South Korea all announced their national research plans for future wireless networks. Even though it still takes time to reach a broad consensus on key technologies, Internet-of-Everything (IoE) has been recognized as one major vision of the future network in both academia and industry [1].As forecasted by multiple bodies, applications like smart industry, smart transportation, and smart health are most likely to be fast-growing areas in future network. With these emerging vertical applications, the number of intelligent devices worldwide is expected to experience an explosive growth, which is predicted to reach up to 125 billion by 2030 [2]. Coming with the ultra-massive connectivity of intelligent devices, stringent requirements, e.g., transmission capacity, coverage, latency, reliability, and energy consumption, emerge to realize ultra-massive machine-type communication (umMTC)

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When UAV Meets IRS: Expanding Air-Ground Networks via Passive Reflection

Cited by 210 publications

References 15 publications

6G NR-U Based Wireless Infrastructure UAV: Standardization, Opportunities, Challenges and Future Scopes

6G NR-U Based Wireless Infrastructure UAV: Standardization, Opportunities, Challenges and Future Scopes

Intelligent Reflective Surface Deployment in 6G: A Comprehensive Survey

Intelligent Reflection Enabling Technologies for Integrated and Green Internet-of-Everything Beyond 5G: Communication, Sensing, and Security

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