When time stands still

Agorastos, Agorastos; Kellner, Michael; Baker, Dewleen G.; Otte, Christian

doi:10.1097/yco.0000000000000079

Cited by 26 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 153 publications

(159 reference statements)

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“…Circadian dysregulation and sleep disturbances represent a core feature of traumaticstress-related disorders, often closely related to the severity of PTSD psychopathology [211][212][213]. Circadian dysregulation after traumatic stress can lead to a breakdown of biological adaptive mechanisms and may constitute another crucial link between traumatic stress and OXS [214,215].…”

Section: Circadian Dysregulation and Melatoninmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Dysregulation in Early Life Stress and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Comprehensive Review

2021

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Traumatic stress may chronically affect master homeostatic systems at the crossroads of peripheral and central susceptibility pathways and lead to the biological embedment of trauma-related allostatic trajectories through neurobiological alterations even decades later. Lately, there has been an exponential knowledge growth concerning the effect of traumatic stress on oxidative components and redox-state homeostasis. This extensive review encompasses a detailed description of the oxidative cascade components along with their physiological and pathophysiological functions and a systematic presentation of both preclinical and clinical, genetic and epigenetic human findings on trauma-related oxidative stress (OXS), followed by a substantial synthesis of the involved oxidative cascades into specific and functional, trauma-related pathways. The bulk of the evidence suggests an imbalance of pro-/anti-oxidative mechanisms under conditions of traumatic stress, respectively leading to a systemic oxidative dysregulation accompanied by toxic oxidation byproducts. Yet, there is substantial heterogeneity in findings probably relative to confounding, trauma-related parameters, as well as to the equivocal directionality of not only the involved oxidative mechanisms but other homeostatic ones. Accordingly, we also discuss the trauma-related OXS findings within the broader spectrum of systemic interactions with other major influencing systems, such as inflammation, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and the circadian system. We intend to demonstrate the inherent complexity of all the systems involved, but also put forth associated caveats in the implementation and interpretation of OXS findings in trauma-related research and promote their comprehension within a broader context.

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Section: Circadian Dysregulation and Melatoninmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Dysregulation in Early Life Stress and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Comprehensive Review

2021

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“…Moreover, Voigt et al reported that circadian disorganization disrupts the composition of the intestinal microbiota ( Voigt et al, 2014 ). Emerging evidence strongly indicates notable links between circadian rhythm disturbances and mental health conditions, such as PTSD ( Agorastos et al, 2014 ; Olff et al, 2019 ). Furthermore, researchers have initiated investigations into the interplay between the circadian system and mental health ( Walker 2nd et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: The Microbiota-gut-brain Axismentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic possibilities of short-chain fatty acids in posttraumatic stress disorder patients: a mini-review

Petakh,

Duve,

Oksenych

et al. 2024

Front. Neurosci.

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This mini-review explores the role of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Highlighting the microbiota-gut-brain axis, this study investigated the bidirectional communication between the gut microbiome and mental health. SCFAs, byproducts of gut microbial fermentation, have been examined for their potential impact on PTSD, with a focus on molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions. This review discusses changes in SCFA levels and bacterial profiles in individuals with PTSD, emphasizing the need for further research. Promising outcomes from clinical trials using probiotics and fermented formulations suggest potential avenues for PTSD management. Future directions involve establishing comprehensive human cohorts, integrating multiomics data, and employing advanced computational methods, with the goal of deepening our understanding of the role of SCFAs in PTSD and exploring microbiota-targeted interventions.

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“…Relevant preclinical and clinical literature has neglected the potentially important pathophysiological role of circadian rhythm disruption in PTSD (26). Despite considerable research examining the association between sleep and PTSD (27), few studies have attempted to identify specific underlying biological/circadian mechanisms that may account for this relationship (28, 29).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…McFarlane et al (30) found lower urinary melatonin levels after trauma exposure, predicting a higher risk for PTSD, while van Liempt et al (31) reported undisturbed nocturnal plasma melatonin profiles in PTSD patients. Other evidence underscores a key function of the melatonergic system in sleep and chronodisruption following trauma exposure and its probable role in a chronically dysregulated circadian network in PTSD (26, 32).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blunted Nocturnal Salivary Melatonin Secretion Profiles in Military-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

et al. 2019

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Background: Sleep disturbances are a hallmark of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), yet few studies have evaluated the role of dysregulated endogenous melatonin secretion in this condition. Methods: This study compared the sleep quality and nocturnal salivary melatonin profiles of Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) personnel diagnosed with PTSD, using the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS score ≥50), with two healthy CAF control groups; comprising, a “light control” (LC) group with standardized evening light exposure and “normal control” (NC) group without light restriction. Participants were monitored for 1-week using wrist actigraphy to assess sleep quality, and 24-h salivary melatonin levels were measured (every 2h) by immunoassay on the penultimate day in a dim-light (< 5 lux) laboratory environment. Results: A repeated measures design showed that mean nocturnal melatonin concentrations for LC were higher than both NC (p = .03) and PTSD (p = .003) with no difference between PTSD and NC. Relative to PTSD, NC had significantly higher melatonin levels over a 4-h period (01 to 05 h), whereas the LC group had higher melatonin levels over an 8-h period (23 to 07 h). Actigraphic sleep quality parameters were not different between healthy controls and PTSD patients, likely due to the use of prescription sleep medications in the PTSD group. Conclusions: These results indicate that PTSD is associated with blunted nocturnal melatonin secretion, which is consistent with previous findings showing lower melatonin after exposure to trauma and suggestive of severe chronodisruption. Future studies targeting the melatonergic system for therapeutic intervention may be beneficial for treatment-resistant PTSD.

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When time stands still

Cited by 26 publications

References 153 publications

Oxidative Dysregulation in Early Life Stress and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Comprehensive Review

Oxidative Dysregulation in Early Life Stress and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Comprehensive Review

Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic possibilities of short-chain fatty acids in posttraumatic stress disorder patients: a mini-review

Blunted Nocturnal Salivary Melatonin Secretion Profiles in Military-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

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