When the Gold Standard Proves to Be Fool's Gold—Blue-light Cystoscopy in a Case of High-risk Non–muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer

Dunphy, Kaitlyn M.; Garino, Mia C.; Shaw, Nathan M.; Carvalho, Filipe L.F.; Stamatakis, Lambros

doi:10.1016/j.urology.2017.05.032

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…However, traditional imaging techniques, such as ultrasonography, vesical radiography and magnetic resonance imaging, are of limited value for an early, definitive diagnosis of BC . As the most reliable method currently available for the diagnosis of BC, cystoscopy can detect the size, number, shape, location and base and surrounding conditions of the tumour to confirm the pathological diagnosis . Unfortunately, cystoscopy is an invasive diagnostic procedure, and its use is limited by the lack of suitable biomarkers for pathological staining.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thyrotroph embryonic factor is downregulated in bladder cancer and suppresses proliferation and tumorigenesis via the AKT/FOXOs signalling pathway

et al. 2018

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Objectives Thyrotroph embryonic factor (TEF) plays an important role in several different processes in normal human cells; however, its function in malignant cells has not been fully elucidated. Materials and methods The mRNA levels of TEF in 408 bladder cancer (BC) samples from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were analysed in depth. Next, the expression of TEF in 7 BC cell lines was compared to that in normal bladder epithelial cells. The cell count, colony formation and anchorage‐independent growth assays as well as a nude mouse xenograft model were utilized to examine the effects of TEF on proliferation and tumorigenesis. Immunofluorescence staining, flow cytometry analysis and treatment with an AKT inhibitor were performed to explore the molecular regulation mechanisms of TEF in BC. Results Analysis of TCGA data indicated that TEF mRNA was decreased in BC samples compared to that in normal bladder epithelial cells and correlated with the poor survival of BC patients. Additional experiments verified that the mRNA and protein expression of TEF were significantly decreased in BC cells compared to that in normal bladder epithelial cells. Upregulation of TEF expression significantly retarded BC cell growth by inhibiting the G1/S transition via regulating AKT/FOXOs signalling. Conclusion Our results suggest that TEF might play an important role in suppressing BC cells proliferation and tumorigenesis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…conditions of the tumour to confirm the pathological diagnosis. 8,9 Unfortunately, cystoscopy is an invasive diagnostic procedure, and its use is limited by the lack of suitable biomarkers for pathological staining. Currently, the identification of new markers is of substantial importance for enabling an early diagnosis of BC.…”

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confidence: 99%