When smoke gets in our eyes: The multiple impacts of atmospheric black carbon on climate, air quality and health

Highwood, Eleanor J.; Kinnersley, Rob

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2005.12.003

Cited by 224 publications

(137 citation statements)

References 31 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

127

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Carbonaceous particles, which significantly contribute to the atmospheric particulate matter (PM), are of worldwide concern due to their effects on climate, human health, and visibility (Pöschl 2005;Highwood and Kinnersley 2006;Jimenez et al 2009). These particles vary in size with a mass median aerodynamic diameter from <0.01 to >10 µm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fossil and Non-Fossil Sources of Different Carbonaceous Fractions in Fine and Coarse Particles by Radiocarbon Measurement

Zhang

2013

azu_js_rc

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ABSTRACT. Radiocarbon offers a unique possibility for unambiguous source apportionment of carbonaceous particles due to a direct distinction of non-fossil and fossil carbon. In this work, particulate matter of different size fractions was collected at 4 sites in Switzerland to examine whether fine and coarse carbonaceous particles exhibit different fossil and contemporary sources. Elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC) as well as water-soluble OC (WSOC) and water-insoluble OC (WINSOC) were separated and determined for subsequent 14 C measurement. In general, both fossil and non-fossil fractions in OC and EC were found more abundant in the fine than in the coarse mode. However, a substantial fraction (~20 ± 5%) of fossil EC was found in coarse particles, which could be attributed to traffic-induced non-exhaust emissions. The contribution of biomass burning to coarse-mode EC in winter was relatively high, which is likely associated to the coating of EC with organic and/or inorganic substances emitted from intensive wood burning. Further, fossil OC (i.e. from vehicle emissions) was found to be smaller than non-fossil OC due to the presence of primary biogenic OC and/or growing in size of wood-burning OC particles during aging processes. 14 C content in WSOC indicated that the second organic carbon rather stems from non-fossil precursors for all samples. Interestingly, both fossil and non-fossil WINSOC concentrations were found to be higher in fine particles than in coarse particles in winter, which is likely due to primary wood burning emissions and/or secondary formation of WINSOC.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fossil and Non-Fossil Sources of Different Carbonaceous Fractions in Fine and Coarse Particles by Radiocarbon Measurement

Zhang

2013

azu_js_rc

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Combustion-generated soot particles have significant adverse effects on climate [1][2][3][4][5][6] , air quality [3] , and human health [3,[7][8][9][10] . Despite the need to mitigate soot-particulate emissions, however, many of the factors that control soot formation are poorly understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radical–radical reactions, pyrene nucleation, and incipient soot formation in combustion

Johansson

Dillstrom

Elvati

et al. 2017

Proceedings of the Combustion Institute

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We present a combined experimental and probabilistic simulation study of soot-precursor. The experiments were conducted using aerosol mass spectrometry coupled with tunable vacuum ultraviolet radiation from the Advanced Light Source at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Mass spectra and photoionization efficiency (PIE) curves of soot precursor species were measured at different heights in a premixed flat flame and in a counter-flow diffusion flame fueled by ethylene and oxygen. The PIE curves at the pyrene mass from these flames were compared with reference PIE scans recorded for pyrene. The results demonstrate that other C 16 H 10 isomers than pyrene are major components among species condensed onto incipient soot in this study, which is in agreement with the simulations. Species with mass 202 u only have a high prevalence in incipient soot particles drawn from the premixed flame, but hydrocarbon species with sizes in the range 200-400 u are important to incipient-soot formation in both flames. The simulations predict that some species form through combination reactions involving relatively large radicals and bypass traditional molecular-growth pathways through addition of small hydrocarbon species. The experimental results support this prediction; they demonstrate that these species have higher relative abundances in particles formed close to the fuel outlet than smaller, lighter molecular species and indicate that these species are important to early formation of incipient-soot precursors. The results also imply that a leading role in incipient-soot precursor formation * Corresponding author. Johansson et al. / Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 36 (2017) [799][800][801][802][803][804][805][806] is played by species with lower thermal stability than the even-carbon numbered, unsubstituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons known as "stabilomers".

show abstract

“…Boreal forest fires have also been linked to increased remobilization of stored toxics such as mercury and methylmercury (St. Louis et al 2001, Sigler et al 2003, Turetsky et al 2006) and radionuclides (Johansen et al 2003, Yoschenko et al 2006 contributing to exacerbating toxicities for northern food chains. Fine black particulate matter from boreal forest fires has also been linked to global warming through its effect on albedo (Hansen et al 2000, Menon et al 2002, Highwood and Kinnersley 2006.…”

Section: Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

National circumstances in the international circumboreal community

Wulder¹,

Campbell²,

White³

et al. 2007

The Forestry Chronicle

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Boreal forest nations are often thought to have similar environmental, social, and economic contexts. In this communication we show that boreal forest nations are a disparate grouping, with some similarities and many differences. Highlighting these differing national contexts provides insights into how a given nation utilizes the boreal forests over which it holds stewardship responsibilities. Current national contexts are related to each nation's physiography, climate, history, legacy of past forest management, the timing of transition from natural to plantation forests, population density and distribution, and access to resources and markets. Boreal forests are dominated by pioneer species that are resilient to disturbance and have a demonstrated ability to adapt to past climate changes. National responses to natural disturbances are linked to forest area, ownership, and management intensity. Boreal forests in large nations (e.g., Canada, Russian Federation) are typically publicly owned, and disturbances such as fire are allowed to progress naturally over remote areas. In smaller nations, where there is often a greater proportion of private ownership and a focus on production forestry, natural disturbances are more aggressively controlled (e.g., Sweden, Finland). Large nations with low boreal human population densities have a greater proportion of natural boreal forest, with relatively higher levels of biodiversity when compared to the fully managed forests of some smaller boreal nations. In smaller nations, the combination of limited forest area and private ownership has facilitated the dominance of intensive sustainable forestry management practices (e.g., Finland). Conversely, in nations with more spatially extensive forest assets that are publicly owned and managed to meet multiple objectives, extensive sustainable forest management practices dominate (e.g., Canada, Russian Federation).Key words: boreal forest, global, national circumstances, environmental, social, economic, forestry practices, Canada RÉSUMÉ Les pays forestiers nordiques sont souvent perçus comme ayant un contexte environnemental, social et économique semblable. Dans cet article, nous démontrons que les pays forestiers constituent un groupe disparate ayant quelques similitudes et plusieurs différences. La mise en évidence de ces contextes nationaux différents permet une vision intrinsèque de l'utilisation faite par un pays donné des forêts boréales pour lesquelles il détient des responsabilités d'intendance. Les contextes nationaux actuels sont décrits selon la géographie physique, le climat, l'histoire, l'héritage de l'aménagement forestier antérieur, l'époque de la transition des forêts naturelles vers les plantations, la densité et la distribution de la population, ainsi que l'accès à la ressource et aux marchés de chaque pays. Les forêts boréales sont dominées par des espèces pionnières qui sont résilientes suite à une perturbation et ont une capacité démontrée de s'être adaptées aux changements climatiques du passé. Les réacti...

show abstract

When smoke gets in our eyes: The multiple impacts of atmospheric black carbon on climate, air quality and health

Cited by 224 publications

References 31 publications

Fossil and Non-Fossil Sources of Different Carbonaceous Fractions in Fine and Coarse Particles by Radiocarbon Measurement

Fossil and Non-Fossil Sources of Different Carbonaceous Fractions in Fine and Coarse Particles by Radiocarbon Measurement

Radical–radical reactions, pyrene nucleation, and incipient soot formation in combustion

National circumstances in the international circumboreal community

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About