Since the late Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping's "reform and open policy" started in 1978, China's economy has been growing rapidly and today is the second largest economy in the world. In the globalization age, China's economy has become more integrated and increasingly interdependent with the rest of the world. In this historical transformative moment, practitioners and academics alike have shown growing interests in management and organizational behavioral (OB) issues in the Chinese context. For example, we have seen an increasing number of OB studies using Chinese samples published in international OB and management journals each year. Although these OB studies have undoubtedly shed light on the uniqueness and complexity of OB issues in China, most of these studies tend to rely heavily on Western OB theories and paradigms in testing their proposed hypotheses and make little reference to the contextual factors or indigenous theorization process (Jia, You, & Du, 2011). Thus, there is still very limited evidence to suggest that these OB theories developed in the Western contexts are fully aligned with traditional Chinese culture and history, and current economic, social, and cultural developmental stages.The need for contextualized OB research has been promulgated for more than a decade. Rousseau and Fried (2001) cited two reasons for the importance of contextualization of OB research: the internationalization of the OB research domain and the diversification of work and work settings in different cultures. Tsui (2004) made a distinction between context-embedded research and context-specific indigenous research based on the degree of contextualization. Whereas context-embedded research is "context-sensitive" and explicitly models contextual factors as either main effects or as moderators, the indigenous research goes beyond testing an existing theory to use scientific methods to study local phenomena by using local language, local subjects, and locally meaningful constructs (Tsui, 2004(Tsui, , 2006. Jia et al. (2011) have recently evaluated 259 articles published in six leading general management and organization journals between 1981 and 2010, which use the Chinese context for their theoretical contributions to management and organization research, and found few of them showing serious attention to context in terms of theorizing and measurement. Thus, there is a strong need for contextualized OB research in the Chinese context.
Themes and Contributions