When Is Hope Enough? Hopefulness, Discrimination and Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Allostatic Load

Mitchell, Uchechi A.; Dellor, Elinam; Sharif, Mienah Zulfacar; Brown, Lauren L; Torres, Jacqueline M.; Nguyen, Ann W.

doi:10.1080/08964289.2020.1729086

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 116 publications

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“…As mentioned before, hopefulness is associated with better health and may be integral for stress and anxiety adaptation and resilience (3). It is a kind of thought process and entails the two components of factor thinking and paths.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Psychometric Characteristics of a Questionnaire Measuring Hopefulness: An Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis Approach

Shahrakipour

2021

Health Scope

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Background: In the third millennium, which is called the information era, despite the technological growth and industrialization, lack of hopefulness is seen in the general population, especially among the youth. Therefore, hope is one of the critical issues that should be promoted among the youth. Objectives: This study was aimed at evaluating a hopefulness questionnaire among the youth. Methods: This cross-sectional study with an exploratory approach was carried out among the Iranian youth population in 2020. All students of Shahed University in Tehran (estimated as 5000 people) were considered the study population, 600 of whom were selected as the study sample by the simple random sampling method. For data collection, a researcher-made questionnaire was utilized. Data analysis was performed by SPSS v. 21 and LISREL v. 8.80. Alpha Cronbach coefficient was used to investigate the reliability of the questionnaire. Results: The results showed the adequate reliability of the hopefulness questionnaire. Also, the findings showed that three latent variables in the questionnaire had significantly larger values than the other factors. Therefore, with three latent factors, the hopefulness questionnaire was significantly saturated. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the 33 items of the questionnaire was 0.80. Conclusions: It was found that the questionnaire constructs are useful in predicting hopefulness intention. The scale consisted of three factors that did not completely replicate the factors found in previous studies. The use of this tool is recommended for all age groups.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Hopefulness is one of the life mechanisms. It is associated with better health and may be integral for stress and anxiety adaptation and resilience (3). In terms of monotheistic worldview, hope is a divine grant that moves life and provides motivation for effort.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychometric Characteristics of a Questionnaire Measuring Hopefulness: An Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis Approach

Shahrakipour

2021

Health Scope

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“…as outcomes of resistance among Black American women and other marginalized adults, in order to bolster the much-needed focus on strengths-based approaches to research. Some indicators of well-being have been found to intervene in the link between discrimination and stress, further demonstrating their important role in the lives of individuals and communities who are pushed to the margins by systemic oppression (e.g., hopefulness; Mitchell et al, 2020). Though resistance may not significantly improve psychological health related to discrimination, it may function to improve other critical aspects of well-being that bolster one’s sense of worth and connection to community, and decrease internalized oppression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“We Were Loving Warriors!”: A Content Analysis of Black Women’s Resistance Within Psychological Science

Shodiya-Zeumault

Aiello

Hinger

et al. 2022

Psychology of Women Quarterly

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Though findings are mixed, collective action engagement has been shown to be positively associated with greater academic success, social support, political efficacy, and well-being with racially marginalized individuals. Despite these findings, however, investigations of collective action engagement with Black American adult women within psychological science are scarce. Consistent with Black feminist thought, the construct of resistance may provide a necessary expansion to include all the ways that Black women actively work to transform their communities toward justice, beyond collective action. To ascertain the breadth and scope of psychological research related to Black women’s resistance (i.e., collective action engagement) to interpersonal discrimination and structural oppression, in this systematic review and content analysis we sought to identify participants’ and scholars’ definitions of resistance, as well as thematic dimensions and specific strategies of resistance. Additionally, we sought to determine the outcomes of resistance that have been assessed and the degree to which psychological health and well-being have been examined as an outcome of resistance within the literature. Findings from the analysis suggest the need for future examinations of the specific influence of Black American women’s collective action engagement and resistance to oppression on their well-being. Additionally, the findings of this review may have important implications for Black women’s well-being and as such, we discuss resistance work as a therapeutic intervention that can be encouraged by therapists, healers, community leaders, and educators.

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“…Most research on hope has focused on younger populations (Arnau et al, 2007; Ciarrochi et al, 2015; Stoyles et al, 2015), clinical settings (Billington et al, 2008; Hirsch & Sirois, 2016; Madan & Pakenham, 2014), and physical health outcomes (Hirsch & Sirois, 2016; Mitchell et al, 2020). Although hope and its negative counterpart, hopelessness, have also been shown to be associated with depressive symptoms (Assari & Lankarani, 2016) and general measures of mental health (Barnett, 2014) in adult populations, limited research exists on the nature of this relationship in community-dwelling middle-age and older adults.…”

Section: The Effect Of Internal Psychosocial Resources On Depressive ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Religion has played a critical role in the lives of Black Americans (Lincoln & Mamiya, 1990; Nguyen, 2020; Taylor et al, 2003). It is deeply embedded in the culture, community, and ethnic identity of Black Americans and religious traditions based on liberation and defiance theology (Cone, 2010) serve as unique resources for dealing with discrimination and other chronic stressors this population faces (Frazier & Lincoln, 1974; Mitchell et al, 2020). Unsurprisingly, Black Americans have the highest levels of religiosity of any racial group in the U.S. (Pew Research Center, 2015).…”

Section: The Effect Of Internal Psychosocial Resources On Depressive ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hope, Purpose, and Religiosity: The Impact of Psychosocial Resources on Trajectories of Depressive Symptoms Among Middle-Aged and Older Blacks

2022

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Objective: We assessed the effects of hope, purpose in life, and religiosity on trajectories of depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older Blacks, with a focus on age differences in these associations. Methods: Data come from 1906 respondents from the 2006–2016 Health and Retirement Study. Linear mixed models were estimated and included interactions between age and time and between age and each psychosocial resource. Results: Depressive symptoms decreased for Blacks ages 51–64, did not change for those 65–74, and increased among Blacks age 75+. Hope and purpose in life were inversely associated with symptom levels but were not associated with change over time in symptomology. Associations were stronger among the youngest age group and weakest among the oldest. Religiosity was unrelated to depressive symptoms. Discussion: Psychosocial resources protect against depressive symptoms in age-dependent ways among middle-aged and older Blacks. Differences in these effects may be related to aging, cohort, and selection effects.

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When Is Hope Enough? Hopefulness, Discrimination and Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Allostatic Load

Cited by 15 publications

References 116 publications

Psychometric Characteristics of a Questionnaire Measuring Hopefulness: An Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis Approach

Psychometric Characteristics of a Questionnaire Measuring Hopefulness: An Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis Approach

“We Were Loving Warriors!”: A Content Analysis of Black Women’s Resistance Within Psychological Science

Hope, Purpose, and Religiosity: The Impact of Psychosocial Resources on Trajectories of Depressive Symptoms Among Middle-Aged and Older Blacks

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