The main objective of this study was to simulate experimental impact tests on a commercially available motorcycle helmet and to develop a virtual design tool. The mechanical properties of the shell and the foam liner of the helmet were estimated from existing material data taken from the open literature. The material data were adjusted to match the temperature conditioning of each impact test condition. All computational impact tests were performed using the explicit finite element code LS-DYNA3D with appropriate foam and composite material models. The European standards, ECE Regulation 22.05, were adopted in both experimental and numerical tests. The results demonstrate the possibility of accurately simulating the various types of standard impact tests, thus introducing the real possibility of using virtual testing techniques in the helmet design process, e.g. for motorbike helmets, and other helmet configurations

We investigated the relationship between self-reported multicultural competence and social issues awareness among school counselors and raters’ assessment of multicultural orientation skills (cultural humility and cultural comfort) using a recorded mock counseling session. Results revealed a positive correlation between multicultural competence and cultural comfort. However, findings demonstrated overestimated self-reports of multicultural competence compared to raters’ assessment of cultural humility. We discuss overreliance on self-report of multicultural competence and address implications for further research.

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Though findings are mixed, collective action engagement has been shown to be positively associated with greater academic success, social support, political efficacy, and well-being with racially marginalized individuals. Despite these findings, however, investigations of collective action engagement with Black American adult women within psychological science are scarce. Consistent with Black feminist thought, the construct of resistance may provide a necessary expansion to include all the ways that Black women actively work to transform their communities toward justice, beyond collective action. To ascertain the breadth and scope of psychological research related to Black women’s resistance (i.e., collective action engagement) to interpersonal discrimination and structural oppression, in this systematic review and content analysis we sought to identify participants’ and scholars’ definitions of resistance, as well as thematic dimensions and specific strategies of resistance. Additionally, we sought to determine the outcomes of resistance that have been assessed and the degree to which psychological health and well-being have been examined as an outcome of resistance within the literature. Findings from the analysis suggest the need for future examinations of the specific influence of Black American women’s collective action engagement and resistance to oppression on their well-being. Additionally, the findings of this review may have important implications for Black women’s well-being and as such, we discuss resistance work as a therapeutic intervention that can be encouraged by therapists, healers, community leaders, and educators.