When Is a Youth’s Debt to Society Paid? Examining the Long-Term Consequences of Juvenile Incarceration for Adult Functioning

Abstract

Purpose To examine the long-term consequences of juvenile incarceration on functioning in adulthood (ages 27–33). Methods Propensity score analysis was used to compare incarcerated youth with those who were never incarcerated in a subsample of individuals who had experienced at least one police contact in adolescence. Data were drawn from the Seattle Social Development Project (SSDP), a multiethnic, gender balanced community sample. Results Youth who were incarcerated in adolescence were more likely to experience incarceration at ages 27, 30, or 33, more likely to meet criteria for alcohol abuse or dependence, and more likely to be receiving public assistance than similar youth who were never incarcerated. Conclusions Results show that juvenile incarceration is not only ineffective at reducing criminal behavior later in life, but that there are also unintended consequences for incarceration beyond the criminal domain. Furthermore, it appears that once a youth becomes involved in the juvenile justice system, there is a higher likelihood that he/she will remain tethered to the criminal justice system through the transition to adulthood. Given these long-term deleterious outcomes, it is recommended that suitable alternatives to juvenile incarceration that do not jeopardize public safety be pursued.

The Role of Self-Regulation in Academic and Behavioral Paths to a High School Diploma

“…The delinquency measure was derived from a series of questions concerning minor acts of delinquency such as drawing graffiti or stealing items worth less than $5; moderate acts including property destruction or theft of items worth up to $50; or severe acts such as selling drugs, using a weapon to get something, or breaking and entering. In line with previous investigations seeking to capture both the chronicity and severity of adolescent delinquency, items were weighted by severity: 1 for minor acts, 2 for moderate acts, and 3 for severe acts (Gilman et al 2015). Substance use was measured by self-reports of alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use in the past month.…”

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