When Do Anomalies Begin?

Lightman, Alan P.; Gingerich, Owen

doi:10.1126/science.255.5045.690

Cited by 70 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(1 reference statement)

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“…154 There are at least two examples of`retrorecognition' phenomena that may be relevant to the question of programmed cell death in single-celled organisms.…”

Section: On Paradigms`anomalies' And`retrorecognition'mentioning

confidence: 99%

On the origin, evolution, and nature of programmed cell death: a timeline of four billion years

2002

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Programmed cell death is a genetically regulated process of cell suicide that is central to the development, homeostasis and integrity of multicellular organisms. Conversely, the dysregulation of mechanisms controlling cell suicide plays a role in the pathogenesis of a wide range of diseases. While great progress has been achieved in the unveiling of the molecular mechanisms of programmed cell death, a new level of complexity, with important therapeutic implications, has begun to emerge, suggesting (i) that several different selfdestruction pathways may exist and operate in parallel in our cells, and (ii) that molecular effectors of cell suicide may also perform other functions unrelated to cell death induction and crucial to cell survival. In this review, I will argue that this new level of complexity, implying that there may be no such thing as a`bona fide' genetic death program in our cells, might be better understood when considered in an evolutionary context. And a new view of the regulated cell suicide pathways emerges when one attempts to ask the question of when and how they may have become selected during evolution, at the level of ancestral single-celled organisms.

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“…154 There are at least two examples of`retrorecognition' phenomena that may be relevant to the question of programmed cell death in single-celled organisms.…”

Section: On Paradigms`anomalies' And`retrorecognition'mentioning

confidence: 99%

On the origin, evolution, and nature of programmed cell death: a timeline of four billion years

2002

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“…Lightman and Gingerich [5] point to the "retrorecognition" phenomenon, where anomalies in one theory are only recognized when they are explained later by a superseding theory. For a variety of reasons, we scientists are essentially blind to those facts not explained by the dominant theory.…”

Section: Analogies Anomalies and Realitymentioning

confidence: 97%

Modeling Dynamic Biological Systems

Hannon

Rüth

2014

Modeling Dynamic Biological Systems

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Data can become information if we know the processes involved. Information can become knowledge if we see the system that is operating. But knowledge only becomes wisdom when we can see how any system must change, and can deal with that reality.(Peter Allen, Coherence, Chaos and Evolution in the Social Context, Futures, 1994, Vol. 26, p. 597) Process and Art of Model BuildingBiologists, from those who study the mechanisms of the nerve cell to those who study ecosystems are in one way or another inescapably involved in dynamic modeling. This book is dedicated to those people, with an understanding of at least some of the problems they face.The book is about the process and art of modeling. We define the process of model building as an unending one-one with rewards typically proportional to the effort extended. The art of modeling is implied throughout this book, first by virtue of our continuing reference to style of the modeling approach and second by the plethora of modeling examples from nearly every field in biology, and finally by regular reference to the use of analogy.Modeling style is important. Throughout our life we have learned to develop models in our mind of the processes that we face every day. We do solve an amazing class of dynamic problems, such as hitting baseballs and driving cars, by acquiring through trial and error the skills that are necessary to put the various components of a dynamic system together in our mind, draw the necessary conclusions and react accordingly. However, the more complex the system, the less are we A save-disabled version of STELLA and the computer models of this book are available at www.iseesystems.com/modelingdynamicbiologicalsystems.

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“…The extent to which the expectations of a paradigm are incongruous to actual observation forms a continuum of anomalies from completely trivial to extremely non-trivial. Although the anomaly-crisis relationship suggested by Kuhn is questionable (Lightman & Gingerich 1991;Sulloway 1996), the point is simply that paradigm-associated anomalies exist along a continuum.…”

Section: Control Factors: Anomalies and Motivationmentioning

confidence: 96%

The Nature of Scientific Revolutions from the Vantage Point of Chaos Theory

Perla

Carifio

2005

Sci Educ

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In sharp contrast to the early positivist view of the nature of science and scientific knowledge, Kuhn argues that the scientific enterprise involves states of continuous, gradual development punctuated by comparatively rare instances of turmoil and change, which ultimately brings about a new stability and a qualitatively changed knowledge base. Although this discontinuous or nonlinear view of scientific knowledge is shared by a number of philosophers of science and science educators currently, Kuhn's description of how progress in science occurs has never been formally modeled from a nonlinear mathematical perspective. In this article, we represent aspects of Kuhn's main thesis and ideas as stated in his classic work The Structure of Scientific Revolutions using catastrophe theory, which is a particular instantiation of chaos theory capable of describing discontinuous phenomenon. Through this catastrophe theory representation we attempt to depict and develop a formal nonlinear model of scientific change. The pedagogical implications of the model developed and presented are discussed.

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When Do Anomalies Begin?

Cited by 70 publications

References 5 publications

On the origin, evolution, and nature of programmed cell death: a timeline of four billion years

On the origin, evolution, and nature of programmed cell death: a timeline of four billion years

Modeling Dynamic Biological Systems

The Nature of Scientific Revolutions from the Vantage Point of Chaos Theory

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