When All Else Fails: Ethnic Population Transfers and Partitions in the Twentieth Century

Kaufmann, Chaim

doi:10.1162/isec.23.2.120

Cited by 186 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…2 Our article speaks to the literature on ethnic violence, and it has macrolevel implications that are relevant beyond the Northern Irish case. For example, segregation and partition are sometimes assumed to be possible solutions for ethnic conflict because they reduce the opportunities for direct intergroup contact (Kaufmann, 1998;Weidmann & Salehyan, 2013;Bhavnani et al, 2014). We show that this is not necessarily the case at the micro level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The determinants of low-intensity intergroup violence

Balcells

Daniels

Escribà‐Folch

2015

Journal of Peace Research

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What accounts for low-intensity intergroup violence? This article explores the determinants of low-intensity sectarian violence in Northern Ireland, which has marked the post-1998 peace agreement period. Low-intensity violence comprises a variety of events from riots to attacks against other civilians as well as against homes and symbolic buildings such as churches. We argue that this violence is more likely and prevalent in interface areas where similarly sized rival communities are geographically in contact with each other. Parity and contact spur intergroup competition and threat perception, and they increase the viability of violence. We use original cross-sectional time-series violence data for the 2005-12 period at a disaggregated subnational level, the ward, and a wide variety of social and economic indicators to test our hypotheses. In particular, we assess the impact of within-ward ethnic composition, on the one hand, and the ethnic composition of neighboring wards, on the other. We find that the number of intergroup violent events peaks in wards where there is parity between groups, and in predominantly Catholic (Protestant) wards that border predominantly Protestant (Catholic) wards. The article makes two main contributions: it shows that microlevel dynamics of violence can expand beyond local territorial units, and it suggests that ethnic segregation is unlikely to prevent intergroup violence.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The determinants of low-intensity intergroup violence

Balcells

Daniels

Escribà‐Folch

2015

Journal of Peace Research

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“…When advocates of partitionattempt to prove that the theory of partition is valid, they refer to the cases of India-Pakistan and Cyprus as empirical evidence (Johnson 2008;Kaufmann 1999Kaufmann , 2007. These two cases seem to be consistent with the theory of partition.…”

Section: Reviewing the Theory Of Partitionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The core argument for partition is that when intense ethnic conflict occurs, the separation of rival groups is the only solution and attempts to establish an intermingled community of these groups can lead to further violence (Downes 2006;Johnson 2008;Kaufmann 1996Kaufmann , 1999. The theory of partition is based on two argumentsregarding ethnic conflict.…”

Section: Reviewing the Theory Of Partitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Partition and Conflict Transformation in India-Pakistan and Cyprus

Suzuki¹

2011

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This article argues that partition -a peacebuilding approach in a post-conflict society -can lead to the transformation of intrastate conflict to interstate conflict, thereby providing a helpful insight for further comparison of partition with multi-ethnic settlements such as federalism/powersharing and reconciliation. While advocates of partition maintain that intrastate conflict caused by a security dilemma between ethnic groups can be settled only by partition, this article argues that partition could cause the transformation of conflict rather than settling it. The cases of India-Pakistan and Cyprus provide the empirical evidence. The partition of India and Pakistan transformed intrastate conflict within India into interstate conflict between India and Pakistan including nuclear competition. The partition of Cyprus contributed to interstate conflict between Greece and Turkey. Therefore, this article concludes that the transformation of conflict reduces the value of partition, and that it is necessary to take this point into consideration when partition is compared with alternatives such as federalism/powersharing and reconciliation.

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“…Sometimes, however, such divisions are made with an eye toward transforming a multi-ethnic space-especially one marked by seemingly intractable intergroup violence-into two or more homogeneous ones. The rationale, articulated most forcefully by Chaim Kaufmann (1996Kaufmann ( , 1998; see also Tullberg and Tullberg 1997), is that stable resolutions of ethnic conflicts are possible only when the opposing groups are segregated into separate polities. Advocates of decentralization and ethnic federalism (Horowitz 1985;Selassie 2003;Hechter 2000) make similar arguments.…”

Section: Implications For Partition As a Solution To Ethnic Conflictmentioning

confidence: 99%

When and why do some social cleavages become politically salient rather than others?

Posner

2017

Ethnic and Racial Studies

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Building on Posner (2005), this article describes a framework for organizing the information about a community's social cleavage structure so as to identify the incentives that individuals face to adopt particular social identities. The framework is parsimonious but powerful: it generates predictions about the social cleavages that will emerge as salient in politics, the lobbying we can expect to see regarding the social categories with which community members should identify, and the attempts that will be made to assimilate or engage in "identity entrepreneurship" to fashion entirely new social identities. The framework also clarifies why partition is unlikely to be a remedy for intractable ethnic conflicts.

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When All Else Fails: Ethnic Population Transfers and Partitions in the Twentieth Century

Cited by 186 publications

References 8 publications

The determinants of low-intensity intergroup violence

The determinants of low-intensity intergroup violence

Partition and Conflict Transformation in India-Pakistan and Cyprus

When and why do some social cleavages become politically salient rather than others?

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