Wheat Bran, Whole Grain, and Food Synergy

Jacobs, David R.; Steffen, Lyn M.

doi:10.2337/diacare.25.9.1652

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…Diet is one of the major influential factors in the development of chronic disease [ 11 , 12 ]. Because of the complexity of diet, in which foods and nutrients more likely act in synergy rather than a simple additive fashion [ 13 , 14 ], dietary patterns analyses play an important role in assessing the relations between diet and disease [ 15 , 16 ]. Two approaches of deriving dietary patterns have been frequently used: the cluster analysis and the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Differences in Dietary Patterns and Their Association with the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome among Chinese: A Cross-Sectional Study

Qiao

Huang

et al. 2016

Nutrients

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Few studies have investigated gender differences in dietary intake. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to examine gender differences in dietary patterns and their association with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. The food intakes of 3794 subjects enrolled by a two-stage cluster stratified sampling method were collected using a valid semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Metabolic syndrome (MetS) was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and its prevalence was 35.70% in the sample (37.67% in men and 24.67% in women). Dietary patterns were identified using factor analysis combined with cluster analysis and multiple group confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess the factorial invariance between gender groups. The dominating dietary pattern for men was the “balanced” dietary pattern (32.65%) and that for women was the “high-salt and energy” dietary pattern (34.42%). For men, the “animal and fried food” dietary pattern was related to higher risk of MetS (odds ratio: 1.27; 95% CI: 1.01–1.60), after adjustment for age, marital status, socioeconomic status and lifestyle factors. For women, the “high-salt and energy” dietary pattern was related to higher risk of MetS (odds ratio: 2.27; 95% CI: 1.24–4.14). We observed gender differences in dietary patterns and their association with the prevalence of MetS. For men, the “animal and fried food” dietary pattern was associated with enhancive likelihood of MetS. For women, it was the “high-salt and energy” dietary pattern.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Differences in Dietary Patterns and Their Association with the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome among Chinese: A Cross-Sectional Study

Qiao

Huang

et al. 2016

Nutrients

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“…Several studies involving whole grains have found lower insulin levels or improved glucose tolerance. [5, 13-15] Fiber may act in a protective manner by slowing absorption and digestion of carbohydrates, leading to a reduced demand for insulin and lowering glucose responses. [16] Once processed, refined grains lose much of the fiber content as well as beneficial vitamins, minerals, essential fatty acids and phytochemicals that are found in whole grains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association of whole grain consumption with incident type 2 diabetes: the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study

Parker

Liu

Horn

et al. 2013

Annals of Epidemiology

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PURPOSE Whole grains may offer protection from diabetes by decreasing energy intake, preventing weight gain, and direct effects on insulin resistance. This study examined associations of whole and refined grains with incident type 2 diabetes (T2D) ascertained by self-reported medication use in a cohort of post-menopausal women. METHODS 72,215 women free of diabetes at baseline from the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study were included. Whole grain consumption was categorized as 0, <0.5, 0.5-1.0, 1.0-<1.5, 1.5-<2.0, and ≥2.0 servings/day. Proportional hazards regression was performed to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS There were 3,465 cases of incident T2D over median 7.9 years follow-up. Adjusted for age and energy intake/day, successively increasing categories of whole grain consumption were associated with statistically significant reduced risk of incident T2D (HRs= 1.00, 0.83, 0.73, 0.69, 0.61, 0.57, p for trend <0.0001). Results were attenuated after adjustment for confounders and other dietary components. Non-smokers and those who maintained their weight within 5 pounds had a greater reduced risk of T2D with higher consumption of whole grains than smokers and women who gained more weight. CONCLUSIONS This large, prospective study found an inverse, dose-response relationship between whole grain consumption and incident T2D in postmenopausal women.

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“…In this situation, isolating the particular effects of a single food or nutrient becomes a serious methodological problem. Moreover, the assumption that single foods or nutrients have isolated effects may not be valid; foods and nutrients more likely act in synergy such that the joint effects of the foods and nutrients work in something other than a simple additive fashion (7, 8). Recognition of these facts has led several investigators to propose a diet patterns approach as an alternative to the reductionist, single-food or single-nutrient focus of many studies of diet and chronic disease (7, 9, 10).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary patterns as identified by factor analysis and colorectal cancer among middle-aged Americans

Flood

Rastogi²,

Wirfält³

et al. 2008

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

134

140

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Background: Although diet has long been suspected as an etiological factor for colorectal cancer, studies of single foods and nutrients have provided inconsistent results. Objective: We used factor analysis methods to study associations between dietary patterns and colorectal cancer in middle-aged Americans. Design: Diet was assessed among 293 615 men and 198 767 women in the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study. Principal components factor analysis identified 3 primary dietary patterns: a fruit and vegetables, a diet foods, and a red meat and potatoes pattern. State cancer registries identified 2151 incident cases of colorectal cancer in men and 959 in women between 1995 and 2000. Results: Men with high scores on the fruit and vegetable pattern were at decreased risk [relative risk (RR) for quintile (Q) 5 versus Q1: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.70, 0.93; P for trend ҃ 0.004]. Both men and women had a similar risk reduction with high scores on the diet food factor: men (RR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.72, 0.94; P for trend ҃ 0.001) and women (RR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.71, 1.07; P for trend ҃ 0.06). High scores on the red meat factor were associated with increased risk: men (RR: 1.17; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.35; P for trend ҃ 0.14) and women (RR: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.20, 1.83; P for trend ҃ 0.0002). Conclusions: These results suggest that dietary patterns characterized by a low frequency of meat and potato consumption and frequent consumption of fruit and vegetables and fat-reduced foods are consistent with a decreased risk of colorectal cancer.Am J Clin Nutr 2008;88:176 -84.

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Wheat Bran, Whole Grain, and Food Synergy

Cited by 9 publications

References 14 publications

Gender Differences in Dietary Patterns and Their Association with the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome among Chinese: A Cross-Sectional Study

Gender Differences in Dietary Patterns and Their Association with the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome among Chinese: A Cross-Sectional Study

The association of whole grain consumption with incident type 2 diabetes: the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study

Dietary patterns as identified by factor analysis and colorectal cancer among middle-aged Americans

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