Wheat-barley-rye- or corn-fed growing pigs respond differently to dietary supplementation with a carbohydrase complex

Abstract

Thirty-six pigs (22 kg of BW) were used to evaluate a carbohydrase preparation, with xylanase and β-glucanase as main activities, added to either wheat-barley-rye- (WBR) or corn-based diets on performance, intestinal environment, and nutrient digestibility. Pigs were offered 1 of 4 different dietary treatments for 27 d according to a factorial arrangement of treatments (a 2 × 2) with 2 cereal types (WBR or corn) and 2 levels of supplemental carbohydrase (0 or 0.01%). Pig growth and feed intake were individually measured every week until the end of the experiment when pigs were slaughtered to obtain samples of digesta and tissues. Cereal type affected performance only during wk 1, in which WBR improved ADG (590 vs. 440 g/d; P = 0.008) and G:F (0.61 vs. 0.43; P = 0.045) compared with corn. The WBR also increased the viscosity of the digestive contents in stomach (1.95 vs. 1.23 mPa·s; P = 0.001) and ileum (6.53 vs. 2.80 mPa·s; P = 0.001) and resulted in greater cecal starch digestibility (95.7 vs. 93.9%; P = 0.012). However, trends for a reduction in digestibility were observed for glucose in the nonstarch polysaccharide (NSP) fraction in the ileum (64.4 vs. 75.8%; P = 0.074) and galactose in the NSP fraction in the cecum (1.4 vs. 1.8%; P = 0.055). The use of the enzyme preparation increased ADFI during wk 2 (1,328 vs. 1,215 g/d; P = 0.028), and increased villus height (423 vs. 390 µm; P = 0.045) and tended to reduce relative pancreas weight (0.16 vs. 0.17% BW; P = 0.079) at d 27. The enzyme also improved cecal starch digestibility (95.5 vs. 94.1%; P = 0.043) and tended to improve ileal energy digestibility (61.3 vs. 53.7%; P = 0.090) and cecal glucose digestibility in the NSP fraction (76.0 vs. 54.5%; P = 0.055). However, it reduced the cecal digestibility of mannose in the NSP fraction (27.0 vs. 50.5%; P = 0.016). Interactions (P < 0.05) between cereal type and enzyme supplementation were observed for ADG and G:F during wk 2, BW and ADG during wk 3, and BW and ADFI over the whole trial; and also for villus-height-to-crypt-depth ratio and for cecal DM digestibility. In all instances, whereas the added enzyme had no effect in the case of the corn diet, improvements were observed with WBR. In conclusion, the multi-enzyme tested had different effects depending on the type of cereal present in the diet.

iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis of longissimus muscle from growing pigs with dietary supplementation of non-starch polysaccharide enzymes

“…The value of providing NSPEs to promote growth performance has been reported in many studies (Bindelle et al, 2011;Willamil et al, 2012;Kiarie et al, 2013). However, the effects of NSPEs on meat quality and chemical composition were not obvious in the present study, which is consistent with previous studies (Kim et al, 2011;Świątkiewicz et al, 2013).…”

“…Non-starch polysaccharide enzymes (NSPEs) are a group of exogenous enzyme mixtures, which have long been used in the feed production of monogastric animals to degrade non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs) to oligosaccharides (Silva and Smithard, 2002;Bindelle et al, 2011;Walsh et al, 2012;Willamil et al, 2012;Kiarie et al, 2013). Researchers have proved that the addition of exogenous enzymes has multiple benefits by reducing the impact of numerous antinutritional factors in corn and soybean meal based diets (Yang et al, 2010;Zou et al, 2013).…”

Effects of dietary supplementation of exogenous multi-enzyme mixture containing carbohydrases and phytase on growth performance, energy and nutrient digestibility, and selected mucosal gene expression in the small intestine of weanling pigs fed nutrient deficient diets

“…The diet used in the Omogbenigun study also had a high level of wheat (up to 60%), which might have provided more substrates for the enzyme cocktail than that was available in the corn-soy-based diet used in the present study. As reported by Willamil et al (2012), xylanase and glucanase were able to increase nutrient digestibility in a wheatbarley-rye-based diet, but failed to improve pig performance in a corn-based diet. Olukosi et al (2007) also suggested that xylanase would be more active in diets Note: Values are means of eight replicates with two pigs per replicate; means with lowercased letters are different at P < 0.05.…”

The Effects of Enzyme Complex on Performance, Intestinal Health and Nutrient Digestibility of Weaned Pigs

“…In recent years, however, enzymes have also been accepted by the industry for corn-based diets in both poultry and pigs (Fang et al, 2007; Olukosi et al, 2007; Francesch and Geraert, 2009; Willamil et al, 2012). Corn contains 0.9% soluble and 6% insoluble NSPs (contained approximately 42 g/kg xylan), while soybean contains 6% soluble and 18 to 21% insoluble NSPs (contained approximately 17 g/kg xylan) (Bach Knudsen, 1997).…”