Effects of dietary supplementation of exogenous multi-enzyme mixture containing carbohydrases and phytase on growth performance, energy and nutrient digestibility, and selected mucosal gene expression in the small intestine of weanling pigs fed nutrient deficient diets

Lu, Hang; Preynat, Aurélie; Legrand-Defretin, Véronique; Geraert, P. A.; Adeola, O.; Ajuwon, Kolapo M.

doi:10.1139/cjas-2015-0078

Cited by 7 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Indeed, the NC diet deficient in NE, SID AA, digestible P, and Ca reduced BWG, FI, and(or) feed conversion during the growing/finishing phases 1, 2, 3, and 1–4. These results are in agreement with previous reports in which pigs fed diets deficient in nutrients, such as energy, AA, P, and(or) Ca, had lower performance outcomes [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ]. Meanwhile, in the current study, the NC diet composed of corn, soybean meal, wheat and their byproducts contained antinutritional factors such as arabinoxylan, β-glucans, and phytate, which can reduce the nutrient digestibility and thus impair the growth performance of pigs [ 7 , 17 , 28 , 29 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

A Multicarbohydrase and Phytase Complex Is Able to Compensate a Nutrient-Deficiency in Growing-Finishing Pigs

Huang

Zhao

Sun

et al. 2021

Animals

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of supplementing a corn-wheat-soybean meal-based diet with a multicarbohydrase and phytase complex (MCPC) on growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients, carcass traits, and meat quality in growing-finishing pigs. A total of 300 pigs (Duroc × Large White × Landrace; body weight = 25.3 ± 0.7 kg) were randomly allotted to three groups with 10 replicates of 10 pigs each. Pigs from three groups were fed positive control (PC) or negative control (NC), without or with MCPC diets, respectively. The MCPC supplied at least 1800, 1244, 6600, and 1000 units of xylanase, β-glucanase, α-arabinofuranosidase, and phytase per kilogram of diet, respectively. The NC diet was the PC diet but reduced in net energy (NE), digestible amino acids (dig. AA), digestible P (dig. P), and Ca by 74 kcal/kg, 7.0%, 0.134, and 0.119 percentage points, respectively. The diets were fed in 4 growth phases based on body weight (BW): phase 1: 25–50 kg, phase 2: 50–75 kg, phase 3: 75–100 kg, and phase 4: 100–135 kg. Compared to the PC, the NC diet decreased (p < 0.05) body weight gain, feed intake, and(or) feed to gain ratio during the growing/finishing phases 1, 2, 3, and 4. It also reduced (p < 0.05) the ATTD of crude protein, crude fat, P, and Ca of pigs. MCPC supplementation improved (p < 0.05) the body weight gain, feed intake, and(or) feed to gain ratio in phases 2, 3, and 4 and the ATTD of crude protein, crude fat, ash, P, and Ca for the NC diet. Additionally, dietary treatment had no effects on carcass traits and meat quality with the exception that the loin eye area in the NC plus MCPC diet was higher (p < 0.05) than the NC diet. In conclusion, the addition of MCPC to a corn-soybean meal-wheat-based diet reduced in energy and nutrients improved the growth performance and nutrient digestibility but had little effect on carcass traits and meat quality in growing-finishing pigs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

A Multicarbohydrase and Phytase Complex Is Able to Compensate a Nutrient-Deficiency in Growing-Finishing Pigs

Huang

Zhao

Sun

et al. 2021

Animals

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“…Whether adaptation to diet can affect ileal gene expressions of cytokines deserved further investigation. Our results for IL-1β are in disagreement with a previous report showing that NSP degrading enzymes did not change expression of IL-1β or MUC2 [ 36 ]. However, induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, TNFα and IL-6 has been reported after murine macrophage stimulation with semi-purified or purified NSP’s such as β-glucans [ 37 , 38 ], arabinogalactans [ 39 ], and α-glucans [ 40 ].…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 99%

Dietary fiber sources and non-starch polysaccharide-degrading enzymes modify mucin expression and the immune profile of the swine ileum

et al. 2018

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Due to their complex chemical and physical properties, the effects and mechanisms of action of natural sources of dietary fiber on the intestine are unclear. Pigs are commonly fed high-fiber diets to reduce production costs and non-starch polysaccharide (NSP)-degrading enzymes have been used to increase fiber digestibility. We evaluated the expression of mucin 2 (MUC2), presence of goblet cells, and ileal immune profile of pigs housed individually for 28 days and fed either a low fiber diet based on corn-soybean meal (CSB, n = 9), or two high fiber diets formulated adding 40% corn distillers’ dried grains with solubles (DDGS, n = 9) or 30% wheat middlings (WM, n = 9) to CSB-based diet. Pigs were also fed those diets supplemented with a NSP enzymes mix (E) of xylanase, β-glucanase, mannanase, and galactosidase (n = 8, 10, and 9 for CSB+E, DDGS+E and WM+E, respectively). Feeding DDGS and WM diets increased ileal MUC2 expression compared with CSB diet, and this effect was reversed by the addition of enzymes. There were no differences in abundance of goblet cells among treatments. In general, enzyme supplementation increased gene expression and concentrations of IL-1β, and reduced the concentrations of IL-4, IL-17A and IL-11. The effects of diet-induced cytokines on modulating intestinal MUC2 were assessed in vitro by treating mouse and swine enteroids with 1 ng/ml of IL-4 and IL-1β. In accordance with previous studies, treatment with Il-4 induced Muc2 and expansion of goblet cells in mouse enteroids. However, swine enteroids did not change MUC2 expression or number of goblet cells when treated with IL-4 or IL-1β. Our results suggest that mucin and immune profile are regulated by diet in the swine intestine, but by mechanisms different to mouse, emphasizing the need for using appropriate models to study responses to dietary fiber in swine.

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“…Thus, multicarbohydrase could have degraded carinata meal NSP (in small intestine) into short fragments that were poorly fermented in the small intestine, but highly fermented in the hindgut of pigs. Results from the current study are contrary to the results from the study of Lu et al (2016) who did not observe an increase in ATTD of GE in pigs due to supplementation of canola meal-based diet with multicarbohydrase that contained pectinase. However, it should be noted that susceptibility of fiber to enzymatic degradation or microbial fermentation is partly negatively correlated with its degree of lignification ( Van Soest, 1994 ; William et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, Woyengo (2019) reported greater apparent hindgut digestibility of GE for carinata meal than for cold-pressed canola cake. Consequently, the differences between the current study and that of Lu et al (2016) regarding to the effect of multicarbohydrase on ATTD of GE could be attributed to the differences in the degree of lignification between carinata meal and canola meal. Supplementation of a combination of phytase and multicarbohydrase improved the DE and NE values of carinata meal, which was due to improvement in ATTD of GE.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 77%

Nutritive value of enzyme-supplemented carinata meal for growing pigs1

Hong

Lee

Pettersson

et al. 2019

Translational Animal Science

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Carinata meal is increasingly available for livestock feeding. However, the effects of supplemental phytase and fiber degrading enzymes on nutritive value of carinata meal for pigs have not been reported. Objective of the study was to evaluate the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acid (AA), and digestible energy (DE) and net energy (NE) values of phytase- and fiber-degrading enzymes-supplemented carinata meal for growing pigs. Ten ileal-cannulated pigs (initial body weight = 53.9 ± 4.76 kg) were fed 4 diets in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design with two additional columns to give 10 replicates per diet. Diets included a corn-soybean meal (SBM)-based basal diet, basal diet with 25% carinata meal, basal diet with 25% carinata meal plus phytase at 2,000 FTU/kg and multi-carbohydrase at 0.2 g/kg, and in addition a nitrogen-free diet. The multicarbohydrase supplied 4 units of xylanase, 10 units of β-glucanase, and 1,000 units of pectinase per kilogram of diet. The ratio of corn to SBM and soybean oil in carinata meal-containing diets was identical to that in the corn-SBM-based basal diet to allow calculation of AA and energy digestibility of carinata meal by the difference method. On a dry matter basis, carinata meal contained 50.2% crude protein, 0.88% ether extract, 15.37% acid detergent fiber, 1.82% Lys, 0.96% Met, 1.89% Thr, and 0.64% Trp, respectively. The SID of Lys, Met, Thr, and Trp for carinata meal were 51.4%, 82.2%, 65.9%, and 85.9%, respectively. The DE and NE values for carinata meal were 3,427 and 1,828 kcal/kg of dry matter, respectively. Supplementation of a combination of phytase and multicarbohydrase did not affect the apparent ileal digestibility of AA and SID of AA for the corn-SBM-carinata meal-based diet, and for the carinata meal. However, the combination of phytase and multicarbohydrase did improve (P < 0.05) apparent total tract digestibility, and DE and NE values for carinata meal by 9.4%, 9.5%, and 12.4%, respectively. In conclusion, the enzymes used in the current study could be added in carinata meal-based diets for growing pigs to improve the energy value.

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Effects of dietary supplementation of exogenous multi-enzyme mixture containing carbohydrases and phytase on growth performance, energy and nutrient digestibility, and selected mucosal gene expression in the small intestine of weanling pigs fed nutrient deficient diets

Cited by 7 publications

References 47 publications

A Multicarbohydrase and Phytase Complex Is Able to Compensate a Nutrient-Deficiency in Growing-Finishing Pigs

A Multicarbohydrase and Phytase Complex Is Able to Compensate a Nutrient-Deficiency in Growing-Finishing Pigs

Dietary fiber sources and non-starch polysaccharide-degrading enzymes modify mucin expression and the immune profile of the swine ileum

Nutritive value of enzyme-supplemented carinata meal for growing pigs1

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