What Works to Prevent Child Marriage: A Review of the Evidence

Lee-Rife, Susan; Malhotra, Anju; Warner, Ann; Glinski, Allison M.

doi:10.1111/j.1728-4465.2012.00327.x

Cited by 187 publications

(183 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…Future epidemiological research is needed to discern how factors related to armed conflict may impact the practice of child marriage and the underlying assumptions of the value of girls, to both prevent its occurrence and to understand potential mechanisms through which interventions may operate differentially for women with a history of child marriage in humanitarian emergencies. Further interventions expanding the evidence base for understanding what works to delay early marriage [31] are also needed, particularly for settings affected by armed conflict or widespread crises.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Efficacious primary prevention interventions of child marriage should be expanded [31,32], while simultaneously enhancing combination social and economic empowerment interventions to mitigate the potential negative effects of child marriage that persist across a woman’s life. Specifically, given the pervasiveness of child marriage in Côte d’Ivoire, there is an urgent need to develop and evaluate interventions to reduce IPV that are tailored to this large and highly vulnerable population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differential Impacts of an Intimate Partner Violence Prevention Program Based on Child Marriage Status in Rural Côte d'Ivoire

Falb

Annan

Kpebo³

et al. 2015

Journal of Adolescent Health

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Purpose Little is known about whether effectiveness of intimate partner violence prevention programming varies for women who were married as child brides, given their additional social vulnerabilities. This subanalysis sought to assess treatment heterogeneity based on child marriage status for an intervention seeking to reduce intimate partner violence. Methods A randomized controlled trial assessing the incremental effectiveness of gender dialogue groups in addition to group savings on changing past-year intimate partner violence was conducted in Côte d’Ivoire (2010–2012). Stratified models were constructed based on child marriage status to assess for effect modification. Analysis was restricted to married women with data on age at marriage (n=682). Results For child brides (N = 202), there were no statistically or marginally significant decreases in physical and/or sexual violence, physical violence, or sexual violence. The odds of reporting economic abuse in the past year were lower in the intervention arm for child brides relative to control group child brides (odds ratio [OR] = .33; 95% confidence interval [CI] = .13–.85; p = .02). For nonchild brides (N =480), women were less likely to report physical and/or sexual violence (OR =.54; 95% CI =.28–1.04; p = .06), emotional violence (OR = .44; 95% CI = .25–.77; p = .004), and economic abuse (OR = .36; 95% CI = .20–.66; p = .001) in the combined intervention arm than their group savings–only counterparts. Conclusions Findings suggest that intervention participants with a history of child marriage may have greater difficulty benefiting from interventions that seek to reduce intimate partner violence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Impacts of an Intimate Partner Violence Prevention Program Based on Child Marriage Status in Rural Côte d'Ivoire

Falb

Annan

Kpebo³

et al. 2015

Journal of Adolescent Health

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“…This becomes evident by the lack of geographic diversity among programs with rigorous or strong evidence, as most programs included in the review were based in the United States. Lee Rife et al 42 suggest that the paucity of programs as well as complex evaluations in low and middle-income countries (LMIC) likely reflects the infrastructure and economic disadvantage of resource poor communities. While this may in part be the case, there are examples of outstanding and well-researched programs from LMICs that challenge this assumption (see, for example, Berhane Herwan).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Adolescent Health Programs That Include Sexual and Reproductive Health Services: A Systematic Review

et al. 2014

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Objectives To describe the characteristics and evidence of comprehensive adolescent health (CAH) programs encompassing sexual and reproductive and other health services, educational and social support. Methods Systematic review of peer-reviewed and grey literature on CAH programs (1998-2013). Only programs with experimental, quasi-experimental or pre-post evaluations were included. Two independent reviewers screened 36,119 records and extracted articles using predefined criteria. Data was synthesised into descriptive characteristics; quality was assessed by evidence level (rigorous, strong, modest). Results Data was extracted on 46 programs (181 studies) of which 19 programs were defined as comprehensive; 9 were excluded due to insufficient evaluations. Ten CAH programs met all inclusion criteria. Most were US based; others were implemented in Egypt, Ethiopia and Mexico. Few programs (N=3) displayed rigorous evidence, 5 had strong and 2 had modest evidence. All programs with rigorous/strong evidence directly or indirectly influenced adolescent sexual and reproductive health. Common elements of these programs included: long-term commitment to adolescents, interpersonal connections, community mobilization, and skill-building elements. Conclusion The long term impact of many CAH programs cannot be proven due to insufficient evaluations. Evaluation approaches that take into account the complex operating conditions of many programs are needed to better understand mechanisms behind program effects.

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“…before the age of 18) as a serious problem in developing countries. Early marriage is not only a violation of human rights but also as a hindrance to national development [1]. Although progress has been made in reducing the prevalence of early marriages, it still remains a pervasive problem in South Asia with females being disproportionately at risk [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of a community based intervention to delay early marriage, early pregnancy and improve school retention among adolescents in India

et al. 2018

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BackgroundChild marriage is being increasingly recognized globally as a fundamental violation of human rights. Child marriages occur globally in varying degrees across countries and regions. South Asia alone accounted for almost half of the total number of child marriages that have occurred globally. Early marriage can lead to serious ramifications such as school drop-out, early pregnancy, maternal morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to assess impact of a multi-pronged community based intervention on early marriage, early pregnancy and school retention among young people in two states of India.MethodCross-sectional (post-test) was adopted to assess the effect of the intervention. Multi-stage sampling was adopted for the selection of a sample group of young people aged 10–24 years. A total of 1770 respondents participated in the survey, out of which 826 were males, and 944 were females. The assessment was conducted in eight districts in each of the two states. Descriptive statistics, cross-tabulation, chi square and logistic regression methods were used to analyse the data.ResultsYouth information centres (YIC) as an intervention strategy showed a significant effect towards decrease in the number of early marriages (Adjusted Odd Ratios [Adj] 2.25, CI 1.28–3.94), of early pregnancies (Adj 3.00, CI 1.06–8.43) and increase in the number of school retentions (Adj 2.96, CI 2.02–4.34). Access to mass media was also associated with reduction in likelihood of early marriages (Adj 1.79, CI 1.15–2.78), and increase in the number of school retentions (Adj 1.49, CI 1.12–1.97). We also found that there was an increase in mean age of marriage (1.2 years), of conception (.85 years) and in the mean years of schooling (1.54 years) among youth surveyed compared to their older siblings.ConclusionIntervention strategies such as YIC and exposure to mass media, showed an effect in reducing early marriage, early pregnancy and improved school retention. Peer education conducted through the YIC proved to be an effective model. Therefore, this multi-component community based intervention can be a potential model for reducing the number of early marriages and its related consequences in other districts of India with similar socio-economic and cultural settings.

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What Works to Prevent Child Marriage: A Review of the Evidence

Cited by 187 publications

References 26 publications

Differential Impacts of an Intimate Partner Violence Prevention Program Based on Child Marriage Status in Rural Côte d'Ivoire

Differential Impacts of an Intimate Partner Violence Prevention Program Based on Child Marriage Status in Rural Côte d'Ivoire

Comprehensive Adolescent Health Programs That Include Sexual and Reproductive Health Services: A Systematic Review

Effectiveness of a community based intervention to delay early marriage, early pregnancy and improve school retention among adolescents in India

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