What We Can Find Beyond the Classic Neuroimaging Findings of Congenital Zika Virus Syndrome?

Abstract

Background: In 1947, Zika virus (ZIKV) was first discovered in Monkeys, in Zika Forest, in Uganda, Africa. Five years later, (1952) the first human Zika infection was detected in Nigeria, Africa. After this date, only sporadic cases happened, until the first 3 epidemics occurred, all outside Africa. The first epidemic was in Yap Island in 2007, the second in French Polynesia in 2013, and the third in 2015 in the northeast of Brazil, and then the spread to the Americas in 2015 and 2016. However, it was only after the epidemic in the northeast of Brazil, in the first half of 2015, that many babies were born with microcephaly in the second semester of that same year and in 2016. Until now, every year, some babies are still born with congenital ZIKV syndrome (CZVS). Summary: The objective of this article is to describe infrequent and rarely discussed imaging (computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging) findings of CZVS, in addition to those classically described such as a simplified gyral pattern, ven-triculomegaly, corpus callosum dysgenesis, craniofacial disproportion, and redundant scalp, thus suggesting an increase in the spectrum of neurological findings related to the syndrome.

Neuroimaging in Children Born With Congenital Zika Syndrome: A Cohort Study

“…This finding has led to the suggestion that Zika virus infection has a vascular infection component. 15 We observed a slight decrease in calcifications-although in number, not statistically significant. Petribu et al 9 showed by CT that brain calcifications diminished in number, size, or density, at 1-year follow-up.…”

Systematic genome-scale identification of host factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection across models yields a core single gene dependency; ACE2

“…Only slight changes in immune pathways were observed at 24 hr. Coronaviruses, such as those that cause SARS and MERS have evolved multiple proteins that can inhibit type I IFN expression (Chen et al, 2014; Lu et al, 2011; Lui et al, 2016; Niemeyer et al, 2020; Schroeder et al, 2021; Siu et al, 2014a; Siu et al, 2014b). Correspondingly, Nabeel-Shah et al, recently showed that SARS-CoV-2 N-protein regulates the host gene expression by attenuating stress granules like G3BPs and binding directly to target mRNAS, countering host responses to viral infection (Nabeel-Shah et al, 2020).…”