What to eat in a warming world: do increased temperatures necessitate hazardous duty pay?

Hall, L. Embere; Chalfoun, Anna D.

doi:10.1007/s00442-017-3993-2

Cited by 6 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…For example, mule deer (Aikens et al 2017), moose, and bighorn sheep (Jesmer et al 2018) typically synchronize their migratory movements to track forage availability across the landscape, as phenology advances in spring. Whereas pikas in northern Wyoming selected more strongly for highernitrogen and low-fiber vegetation when exposed to higher daytime temperatures (Hall and Chalfoun 2018), dietary-generalist species may not necessarily be equally selective. Across 14 subpopulations tracked between 2005 and 2016, migratory tactics varied among subpopulations, and individuals switched migratory status on average every 4 yr, contingent upon conditions (Spitz et al 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Evaluating mechanisms of plant‐mediated effects on herbivore persistence and occupancy across an ecoregion

2019

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Citation: Wilkening, J. L., E. J. Cole, and E. A. Beever. 2019. Evaluating mechanisms of plant-mediated effects on herbivore persistence and occupancy across an ecoregion. Ecosphere 10(6):Abstract. Contemporary climate change is rapidly creating one of the greatest challenges for management and conservation during the 21st century. Mountain ecosystems, which have a high degree of spatial heterogeneity and contain numerous habitat specialists, have been identified as particularly vulnerable. We used data from multiple years across sites spanning a >40 million ha ecoregion to test hypotheses regarding how community-level characteristics of vegetation may affect a mammalian generalist herbivore, the American pika (Ochotona princeps). We examined patterns of pika persistence across sites in the hydrographic Great Basin, and occupancy within a subset of these sites. We used mixed-effects logistic regression models to compare evidence in support of competing explanations for each pattern within an informationtheoretic framework (using Akaike's information criterion). Models reflected four hypothesized classes of mechanisms related to nutritional ecology, ecosystem function, indirect indication of climatic effects, and (synergistic) combinations of these three classes. At the site level, models reflecting synergistic effects received the most support. At the within-site level, support appeared to be split equally among hypotheses containing predictors related to either nutritional ecology or indirect climate effects. Well-supported predictors included cover of invasive plant species, cover of more-xeric plant species, species evenness, and proportion of graminoid species. Our results both (1) identify important aspects of vegetation communities that may influence herbivore distribution in mountainous areas across a large, diverse geographic region, and (2) contribute to an improved understanding of how mountain ecosystems may be affected by ongoing climate change, more broadly.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Evaluating mechanisms of plant‐mediated effects on herbivore persistence and occupancy across an ecoregion

2019

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“…The nutritional composition of available vegetation was determined from samples collected along two 8-m transects in each focal animal's territory, immediately following behaviour observations (Hall & Chalfoun, 2018b). Individuals that expressed greater plasticity in food-collecting activity also experienced fewer occasions in which temperatures exceeded thermal tolerances.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One min of video footage (focal observation; Altmann, 1974) was recorded following each motion-activation event (Hall & Chalfoun, 2018b). Two cameras were placed within 3 m of each individual's haypile.…”

Section: Behaviour and Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite their heat sensitivity, pikas engage in substantial foraging activity during the summer (Conner, 1983), simultaneously consuming food to satisfy daily caloric demands, and caching plants for sustenance through the winter (Dearing, 1997). Several factors influence the plants that pikas select for haypiles, including a preference for vegetation that is high in nitrogen (N; Smith & Erb, 2013;Hall & Chalfoun, 2018b). Several factors influence the plants that pikas select for haypiles, including a preference for vegetation that is high in nitrogen (N; Smith & Erb, 2013;Hall & Chalfoun, 2018b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We predicted that pikas exposed to higher mean temperatures would experience less time during which conditions were suitable for foraging (Hall & Chalfoun, 2018b;Moyer-Horner et al, 2015). We predicted that pikas exposed to higher mean temperatures would experience less time during which conditions were suitable for foraging (Hall & Chalfoun, 2018b;Moyer-Horner et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Behavioural plasticity modulates temperature‐related constraints on foraging time for a montane mammal

Hall

Chalfoun

2018

Journal of Animal Ecology

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Contemporary climate change is altering temperature profiles across the globe. Increasing temperatures can reduce the amount of time during which conditions are suitable for animals to engage in essential activities, such as securing food. Behavioural plasticity, the ability to alter behaviour in response to the environment, may provide animals with a tool to adjust to changes in the availability of suitable thermal conditions. The extent to which individuals can alter fitness‐enhancing behaviours, such as food collection, to proximately buffer variation in temperature, however, remains unclear. Even less well understood are the potential performance advantages of flexible strategies among endotherms. We examined the degree to which individuals altered rates of food collection in response to temperature, and two potential benefits, using the American pika (Ochotona princeps), a temperature‐sensitive, food‐hoarding mammal, as a model. From July–September 2013–2015, we used motion‐activated cameras and in situ temperature loggers to examine pika food‐caching activity for 72 individuals across 10 sites in the central Rocky Mountains, USA. We quantified % nitrogen by cache volume as a metric of cache quality, and the number of events during which pikas were active in temperatures ≥25°C as a measure of potential thermoregulatory stress. We found a strong negative effect of temperature on the rate at which pikas cached food. Individual responses to temperature varied substantially in both the level of food‐collecting activity and in the degree to which individuals shifted activity with warming temperature. After accounting for available foraging time, individuals that exhibited greater plasticity collected a comparable amount of nitrogen, while simultaneously experiencing fewer occasions in which temperatures eclipsed estimated thermal tolerances. By varying food‐collection norms of reaction, individuals were able to plastically respond to temperature‐driven reductions in foraging time. Through this increased flexibility, individuals amassed food caches of comparable quality, while minimizing exposure to potentially stressful thermal conditions. Our results suggest that, given sufficient resource quality and availability, plasticity in foraging activity may help temperature‐limited endotherms adjust to climate‐related constraints on foraging time.

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Opportunity costs and the response of birds and mammals to climate warming

Cunningham

Gardner

Martin

2021

Frontiers in Ecol & Environ

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As global temperatures reach record highs, threats posed by climate change to biodiversity become ever more severe. For endotherms, maintaining body temperature within safe bounds is fundamental for performance and survival. Animals routinely modify their behavior to buffer physiological impacts of high temperatures (eg ceasing activity, seeking shade). However, this can impose substantial costs related to missed opportunities to engage in other important activities, with potentially large but often overlooked consequences for survival and reproduction. Here, we outline behavioral trade‐offs birds and mammals face in navigating thermal landscapes and associated challenges of balancing energy, water, and time budgets; review the rapidly expanding knowledge in this field; and summarize examples – across taxa – of fitness costs during hot weather. We argue that a shift is needed in evaluating the impacts of heat on birds and mammals, and that fitness costs of missed opportunities must be explicitly integrated into climate‐change vulnerability frameworks.

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What to eat in a warming world: do increased temperatures necessitate hazardous duty pay?

Cited by 6 publications

References 72 publications

Evaluating mechanisms of plant‐mediated effects on herbivore persistence and occupancy across an ecoregion

Evaluating mechanisms of plant‐mediated effects on herbivore persistence and occupancy across an ecoregion

Behavioural plasticity modulates temperature‐related constraints on foraging time for a montane mammal

Opportunity costs and the response of birds and mammals to climate warming

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