What Teachers Believe-What Children Achieve

Palardy, J. Michael

doi:10.1086/460525

Cited by 120 publications

(49 citation statements)

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“…Palardy's (1969) study demonstrates the expectancy effect as it applies to teachers. Palardy sent a questionnaire to the 63 first grade teachers in an Ohio city.…”

Section: Studies That Demonstrated the Teachermentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Further, those researchers who allowed the teachers to state or form their own expectations (Brophy & Good, 1970;Palardy, 1969) found positive relations between those expectations and pupil performance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Study 2 (Palardy, 1969). Palardy's (1969) study demonstrates the expectancy effect as it applies to teachers.…”

Section: Studies That Demonstrated the Teachermentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Pygmalion revisited: A loud call for caution

Grieger

1971

Interchange

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The concept of the teacher expectancy effect continues to have a major impact on educational and psychological thinking. This article reviews the literature and concludes that the teacher expectancy effect, like the experimenter expectancy effect, is more difficult to demonstrate and less pervasive than has been claimed. It suggests that the most relevant issue is determining the relevant child characteristics that significantly cause a particular teacher to form an expectation about a particular child.L'effet produit par l'espoir que place un professeur en son 61~ve continue d'exercer une influence capitale sur la pens6e et la psychologie 6ducative. Cet article passe en revue les 6tudes consacr6es ~t ce sujet et conclut que l'effet en question, tout comme dans le cas d'un exp6rimentateur, est plus difficile ~ prouver et moins g6n6ralis6 qu'on ne le pr6tend. L'auteur estime que le probl~me capital consiste ~t d6terminer chez l'enfant les caract6ristiques valables qui incitent un professeur donn6 ~ fonder particuli~rement certains espoirs sur un enfant donn6.Editor's Note: The next issue of Interchange will contain comments on Dr. Grieger's article by Robert Rosenthal and a reply by Grieger and Saavedra.It is a fact of life that people behave in predictable ways. Societal norms, group pressures, and inner expectations of success or failure, among other things, serve to order and control a person's behavior. In addition, evidence suggests that one person's expectations concerning another's behavior may serve to increase the probability of the other's behavior, in other words, to act as a self-fulfilling prophecy (Merton, 1948).Most of the evidence concerning the self-fulfilling prophecy comes from laboratory situations where researchers have claimed to demonstrate that the expectancies of a behavioral scientist can significantly influence the outcome of his experimen,ts. These instances of the self-fulfilling prophecy have been termed the experimenter expectancy effect (Rosenthal, 1966). As illustration, Rosenthal and Fode (1963) studied the maze running of rats. Using an experimental psychology class, the authors told one-half of the experimenters that their rats were "maze bright" and the other half that their rats were "maze dull." Actually, all rats were ordinary laboratory rats. Results showed that rats believed to be "maze bright" performed significantly better ,than the other rats (p<.01). Further, those experimenters who believed they had bright rats viewed their rats as more likable and pleasant, and described their behavior toward the rats as more friendly and enthusiastic. From this and similar experiments, researchers claimed the experimenter expectancy phenomenon to be both powerful and general. Barber and Silver (1968), however, argued that this conclusion is totally unwarranted. They analyzed the design and data of 31 experimenter expectancy studies and concluded that only 12 unequivocally demonstrated the phenomenon. For the other 19, they were particularly critical of (1) failures to perform overal...

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“…Palardy's (1969) study demonstrates the expectancy effect as it applies to teachers. Palardy sent a questionnaire to the 63 first grade teachers in an Ohio city.…”

Section: Studies That Demonstrated the Teachermentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Pygmalion revisited: A loud call for caution

Grieger

1971

Interchange

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These concerns are based upon the widespread unquestioning acceptance of the self-fulfilling prophecy theory when there have been some contradictory research findings (Claiborn, 1969;Evans & Rosenthal, 1969;and Jose, 1971). Elashoff and Snow (1971) (Beez, 1968;Meichenbaum, Bowers & Ross, 1969;Palardy, 1969;.…”

Section: Place In Familymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Agreement that teacher expectations do influence study achievement outcomes is voiced by Palardy (1969).…”

Section: Place In Familymentioning

confidence: 99%

Special education labeling relationships with learning disabled student self-concept

Godinet¹

2000

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Educators view people: Ethnic group stereotyping

Zimet

1978

J. Community Psychol.

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Two hundred fifty‐eight educators, 178 female and 80 male designated the words on the Gough Adjective Check List as being stereotypically associated with minority group members, dominant group members, or both. Adjectives on which 70 percent of all male and all female educators agreed were designated by society to either minority (N = 93) or dominant (N = 124) categories were used in eight of the ACL scales. Educators saw society as labeling dominant group members as significantly better adjusted, more achievement‐oriented, more intraceptive and having more favorable characteristics than minority group members. Minority group members were seen as being viewed as significantly more aggressive than dominant group members. No significant differences were noted in the way society viewed the two groups regarding autonomous and deferent behavior. The results are discussed in terms of changes in stereotypes over the past fifty years and in terms of the effect of stereotyping on childrens' performance in school.

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What Teachers Believe-What Children Achieve

Cited by 120 publications

References 1 publication

Pygmalion revisited: A loud call for caution

Pygmalion revisited: A loud call for caution

Special education labeling relationships with learning disabled student self-concept

Educators view people: Ethnic group stereotyping

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