What’s new in neuromyelitis optica? A short review for the clinical neurologist

Abstract

The evolution of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) from a rare, incurable and misunderstood disease with almost universally poor outcomes to its present state in just over a decade is unprecedented in neurology and possibly in medicine. Our knowledge of NMOSD biology has led to the recognition of wider phenotypes, new disease mechanisms, and thus clinical trials of new and effective treatments. This article aims to update readers on the recent developments in NMOSD with particular emphasis on clinical advances, the 2015 diagnostic criteria, biomarkers, imaging, and therapeutic interventions.

Screening for cognitive impairment among patients with neuromyelitis optica using touchscreen cognitive testing in routine clinical care

“…The absence of impairments in processing speed or attention in this NMO sample is interesting as it conflicts with previous findings [2], but also suggests that the impairments observed in other aspects of cognition were not attributable to visual or motor problems, or to potential sedating effects of pain medications [8]. Collectively, these results support recent calls for the use of routine cognitive screening in NMO [1], and demonstrate that computerised cognitive assessments could offer a practical solution to the lack of time, specialist resources and expertise typically required to administer, score and interpret paper-and-pencil based measures in everyday clinical practice.…”

“…Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a rare autoimmune disease associated with inflammation of the optic nerves, spinal cord and brainstem [1]. In addition to physical and visual problems, cognitive dysfunction is also common among people with NMO (pwNMO) [2], but is potentially under-recognised and incompletely evaluated in routine clinical care.…”

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder

“…Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a potentially life-threatening neuroinflammatory disease targeting the optic nerve, spinal cord, and brain. [1][2][3][4] Relapses result in cumulative neurologic disabilities, are unpredictable, and are interspersed with remissions. Increased diagnostic accuracy and increased health care provider awareness have resulted in increased prevalence up to 10/100,000 in some geographic regions.…”

Case for a new corticosteroid treatment trial in optic neuritis: review of updated evidence

“…Typically, a variable degree of spontaneous recovery takes place within about 3 months and can continue for up to 1 year. There are a number of triggers for ON, ranging from postvaccination episodes to any type of inflammation and specific autoimmune conditions such as multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica (NMO), and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) ON among1 2 others. In about 5% of patients, there is risk of severe permanent loss of vision and blindness.…”