What’s immigration got to do with it? Immigrant animosity and its effects on tourism

The Impact of a Terminal High Altitude Area Defense Incident on Tourism Risk Perception and Attitude Change of Chinese Tourists Traveling to South Korea

“…Furthermore, after the THAAD incident, Chinese tourists' concerns over the political situation between China and South Korea had led to a significant change in the tourist behavioral intention. This result supported the findings of several previous studies [11,37]. For example, Cater [37] found that the most successful adventure tourism operators in Queenstown, New Zealand, were those that had reduced their actual risk levels.…”

“…Thus, the tourist behavioral intention is easily affected by a variety of factors, such as the impression of a tourism destination and the perception of tourism risk, which all have a significant impact on tourist behavior. Especially for cross-border tourism activities, not only the consumer hostility caused by various conflicts between the two countries affects consumers' willingness to travel, the hostility generated during population flow and migration will also greatly reduce tourist behavioral intention [11]. In this study, the tourist behavior intention refers to the tourist's willingness to travel, plan to travel, or promise to travel in the future.…”

“…The result of Richard [38] found that tourism safety risk perception has an impact on tourist behavior intention. Moufakkir [11] pointed out that consumer hostility caused by various political conflicts between two countries would affect consumers' travel behavior intention, and this negative emotion had a significant negative effect on consumers' willingness to travel. Based on these studies, we proposed hypothesis 3.…”

“…Tourist behavioral intention, a kind of attitude of tourists towards tourism destinations, is also impacted by tourism risk perception. Especially for cross-border tourism activities, the consumer hostility caused by various conflicts between the two countries affects consumers' willingness to travel [11]. For example, in September 2012, the Japanese government purchased three of the Diaoyu islands from their private owner, prompting large-scale protests in China because the Diaoyu Islands concerns a territorial dispute between Japan and China.…”

Tourism and the refugee crisis in Greece: Perceptions and decision-making of accommodation providers

“…The questionnaire consists of 29 Likert Scale (1 strongly agree / 5 strongly disagree) statements structured around six constructs. The constructs related to the impact of the refugee crisis on destination perceptions (six statements) as well as criminality issues (four statements) and cultural aspects of refugees (four statements) are inspired by Moufakkir (2014). The four statements focusing on the perceived involvement of host communities are based on Luken and Tranmer (2010).…”