What Makes the Harderian Gland Transcriptome Different From Other Chicken Immune Tissues? A Gene Expression Comparative Analysis

Deist, Melissa S.; Lamont, Susan J.

doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.00492

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…We found only low levels of transcripts for alpha receptor candidates of various IL-6 family cytokines, leukemia inhibitory factor, oncostatin, and ciliary neurotrophic factor receptors (S-Differentially Expressed Genes). An IL-11 receptor alpha candidate which is expressed in the posthatch bursa (McCarthy et al, 2006; Sun et al, 2015; Liu et al, 2016) and Harderian gland (Deist and Lamont, 2018) is of interest. In mammals and chickens, IL-11 is a stromal-derived cytokine controlling various biological properties of cells including proliferation, differentiation, and cytokine production (Xu et al, 2016; Truong et al, 2018).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomic analysis of early B-cell development in the chicken embryo

et al. 2019

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The chicken bursa of Fabricius is a primary lymphoid tissue important for B-cell development. Our long-term goal is to understand the role of bursal microenvironment in an early B-cell differentiation event initiating repertoire development through immunoglobulin gene conversion in the chick embryo. We hypothesize that early bursal B-cell differentiation is guided by signals through cytokine receptors. Our theory is based on previous evidence for expression of the receptor tyrosine kinase superfamily members and interleukin receptors in unseparated populations of bursal B-cells and bursal tissue. Knowledge of the expressed genes that are responsible for B-cell differentiation is a prerequisite for understanding the bursal microenvironment's function. This project uses transcriptomic analysis to evaluate gene expression across early B-cell development. RNA-seq was performed with total RNA isolated from bursal B-cells at embryonic day (ED) 16 and ED 19 (n = 3). Approximately 90 million high-quality clean reads were obtained from the cDNA libraries. The analysis revealed differentially expressed genes involved in the Jak-STAT pathway, Wnt signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, metabolic pathways including tyrosine metabolism, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, and cell-adhesion molecules. The genes predicted to encode surface receptors, signal transduction proteins, and transcription factors identified in this study represent gene candidates for controlling B-cell development in response to differentiation factors in the bursal microenvironment.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomic analysis of early B-cell development in the chicken embryo

et al. 2019

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“…To this end, the present study also found a transcriptional upregulation of IL-4 and/or IL-13 in the bursa and HG of C. perfringens -infected chickens. It is also noteworthy that the HG, an important lymphoid tissue located supraorbital in chickens, is a part of the common mucosal system [ 44 ] and a recent study in chickens showed that HG can downregulate inflammatory responses via expression of microRNAs, such as mir-1764 [ 45 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intracloacal Inoculation of Broiler Chickens with Clostridium perfringens Strains: Evaluation of Necrotic Enteritis Disease Development and Lymphoid Immune Responses

et al. 2023

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Necrotic enteritis (NE) is an economically important disease of chickens. We have recently shown that inflammatory responses in chickens inoculated orally with virulent Clostridium perfringens were spatially regulated. Here, we used previously virulence-characterized netB+ C. perfringens strains, avirulent CP5 and virulent CP18 and CP26, to assess the severity of NE and immune responses in broiler chickens when inoculated intracloacally. The results showed that CP18- and CP26-infected birds had a reduced weight gain and developed milder/less severe NE lesions, as determined by the gross lesions scores, suggesting a subclinical-grade infection. Gene expression analysis in infected birds revealed three statistically significant observations compared to uninfected-control: (1) Increased expression of anti-inflammatory/immunoregulatory interleukin (IL)-10/transforming growth factor (TGF)β in cecal tonsil (CT) and bursa of Fabricius in the CP18/CP26-infected groups. (2) Increased CT transcription of pro-inflammatory IL-1β, IL-6 and interferon (IFN)γ and decreased Harderian gland (HG) expression of IFNγ in the CP18/CP26-infected birds. (3) Increased HG or bursal expression of IL-4 and IL-13 in CP5-infected birds. Collectively, intracloacal C. perfringens inoculation seems to induce a highly regulated inflammatory response in the CT and other mucosal lymphoid organs and an intracloacal infection model may be useful in evaluating immune responses in chickens with subclinical NE.

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“…Серед значної кількості функцій гардерової залози важливе місце має імунна відповідь (Sakai, 1981;Jahan et al, 2018). Дана залоза у курей включає тканинноспецифічну неімунну функцію, а також унікальну імунну функцію на відміну від інших органів імунного захисту (Deist & Lamont, 2018).…”

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The effect of vaccination on the live weight of chickens and the absolute weight of the spleen and gland

Budnik¹,

Гуральська²

2022

SMLNUVMB

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Choosing optimal chicken immunization programs is an urgent problem in poultry farming. Studying the morphology of the organs of the chickens' immune system allows you to objectively assess the effectiveness of prevention methods. The article provides data on the effect of multiple vaccinations on the live weight of chickens and the absolute weight of immune defense organs: the spleen and gland of chickens aged 1, 15, 25, 50, 75, 100, and 120 days. One of the leading indicators of the growth of young birds is the dynamics of live weight under the influence of external factors. Identical technological conditions at the beginning of the experiment and the selection of livestock according to the principle of analogs in groups made it possible to assess the effect of vaccination on the chickens' bodies based on live weight indicators. According to our research results, it was established that in chickens of 100- and 120-day-old age, with multiple vaccinations, there is a probable increase in live weight indicators compared to the control group of animals. Our research showed that by 25 days in chickens (vaccinated six times), the hands of the absolute mass of the spleen practically did not change. At the same time, in 25-, 100-, and 120-day-old chickens, there is an increase in the absolute mass of the spleen and the gland at 15- and 50-day-old compared to the indicators of non-vaccinated animals. This indicates the implementation of immune reactions in the studied organs of immune protection due to increased migration of T- and B-lymphocytes to them. In addition, if age periods are compared, a decrease in the absolute mass of the Garder gland was found in 75-day-old chickens compared to 50-day-old chickens, which indicated the involutional processes of this gland. The maximum parameters of the gland's absolute mass were found at 50 days in chickens of both the vaccinated and non-vaccinated groups. Thus, in vaccinated chickens, this indicator of the gland was 0.095 g. Organometric changes in the spleen and gland of vaccinated chickens can be one of the criteria for diagnosing poultry immunodeficiencies.

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What Makes the Harderian Gland Transcriptome Different From Other Chicken Immune Tissues? A Gene Expression Comparative Analysis

Cited by 14 publications

References 43 publications

Transcriptomic analysis of early B-cell development in the chicken embryo

Transcriptomic analysis of early B-cell development in the chicken embryo

Intracloacal Inoculation of Broiler Chickens with Clostridium perfringens Strains: Evaluation of Necrotic Enteritis Disease Development and Lymphoid Immune Responses

The effect of vaccination on the live weight of chickens and the absolute weight of the spleen and gland

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