What lies beneath . . . Late Glacial human occupation of the submerged North Sea landscape

Amkreutz, Luc; Verpoorte, Alexander; Waters‐Rist, Andrea L.; Niekus, M.J.L.Th.; Heekeren, Vivian van; Merwe, Alie van der; Plicht, J. van der; Glimmerveen, Jan; Stapert, D.; Johansen, Lykke

doi:10.15184/aqy.2017.195

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 55 publications

(67 reference statements)

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“…After the Mesolithic the region became uninhabitable due to the sea level rise. Concerning the Glacial record, we note here a particular important example GrA-58271, a Late Glacial parietal bone which dates 11,050 ± 50 BP and is described in detail by Amkreutz et al (2018). There is one Neandertal skull find known from the North Sea (Hublin et al 2009).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

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FOSSIL BONES FROM THE NORTH SEA: RADIOCARBON AND STABLE ISOTOPE (¹³C/¹⁵N) DATA

Plicht

Kuitems

2022

Radiocarbon

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The North Sea is considered a unique heritage site that yielded a huge amount of zoological and archaeological data. More than 200 palaeozoological and archaeological fossil bone samples from the North Sea bed are dated by 14C. About 2/3 of these dated bones are Pleistocene in age; the majority of the bones are from extinct species (in particular woolly mammoth); about 1/3 of the sample date to the Holocene. The presented dataset is important in its kind, but interpretation is limited because of a lack of context of the finds. The stable isotopes (13C, 15N) of the dated samples provide additional information on palaeoenvironmental conditions and dietary habits in the past. We present primarily a Groningen list of data; a few fossils dated in other laboratories are included for completeness.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…But also artifacts made of cervid bones and skeletal elements of bovids and horses have been submitted for age determination. A prime example is a decorated, Late-Glacial bovid metatarsus which dated 11,560 ± 50 BP (GrA-28364) see Amkreutz et al (2018).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

FOSSIL BONES FROM THE NORTH SEA: RADIOCARBON AND STABLE ISOTOPE (¹³C/¹⁵N) DATA

Plicht

Kuitems

2022

Radiocarbon

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“…−60 m NAP), inundating the landscape. Nevertheless, parts of the North Sea region initially remained dry land and were inhabited by hunter‐gatherer communities (Amkreutz et al, 2018). Finally, Doggerland submerged during the early Holocene (Amkreutz and van der Vaart‐Verschoof, 2021).…”

Section: Climate and Environmental Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiocarbon dates from the Netherlands and Doggerland as a proxy for vegetation and faunal biomass between 55 and 5 ka cal bp

Van Geel,

Van Der Plicht,

Kasse

et al. 2023

J Quaternary Science

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Three hundred forty‐one radiocarbon dates from the Groningen radiocarbon database are compiled in this study. They show for the first time that organic sediment samples from the eastern Netherlands and mammal bones from Doggerland reflect shifts in the presence and the density of vegetation (food for herbivores) and mammal biomass during the last ice age (Weichselian Stage, ~119–14.7 ka cal bp). Comparison with oxygen isotope curves of Greenland ice cores and geomorphological data shows that cold climate, in particular during the younger part of the Weichselian Middle Pleniglacial and during the Late Pleniglacial, and related scarcity or even absence of vegetation, were limiting factors for the carrying capacity of the landscape and thus for the population density of large herbivores during the period covered by 14C dating (last ca. 55 000 years). A ‘fossil gap’ during the Late Pleniglacial lasted ca. 13 000 years from ca. 28 to 15 ka cal bp. Previous research from the nearby Eifel region in Germany shows that environmental conditions were less extreme (‘refugium conditions’) than in the Netherlands, taking into account the continuous presence of spores of coprophilous fungi in the Eifel, indicating uninterrupted food supply for herbivores.

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“…Despite this, the Late Glacial Channel River was probably difficult to cross at its more southwesterly points, such as from the Paris Basin and is suggested to have created (seasonal) barriers to movement 58,59 . Instead, it has been proposed that populations arriving in Britain during the Late Glacial may have taken a more easterly route, between the Channel River and the Palaeo-Elbe catchment, possibly across an area of higher ground linking Britain with Belgium and the Netherlands [59][60][61] . These hypotheses are difficult to test, however, due to the lack of Late Palaeolithic remains suitable for aDNA and AMS dating preserved in these regions.…”

Section: Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Dual ancestries and ecologies of the Late Glacial Palaeolithic in Britain

et al. 2022

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Genetic investigations of Upper Palaeolithic Europe have revealed a complex and transformative history of human population movements and ancestries, with evidence of several instances of genetic change across the European continent in the period following the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Concurrent with these genetic shifts, the post-LGM period is characterized by a series of significant climatic changes, population expansions and cultural diversification. Britain lies at the extreme northwest corner of post-LGM expansion and its earliest Late Glacial human occupation remains unclear. Here we present genetic data from Palaeolithic human individuals in the United Kingdom and the oldest human DNA thus far obtained from Britain or Ireland. We determine that a Late Upper Palaeolithic individual from Gough's Cave probably traced all its ancestry to Magdalenian-associated individuals closely related to those from sites such as El Mirón Cave, Spain, and Troisième Caverne in Goyet, Belgium. However, an individual from Kendrick's Cave shows no evidence of having ancestry related to the Gough’s Cave individual. Instead, the Kendrick’s Cave individual traces its ancestry to groups who expanded across Europe during the Late Glacial and are represented at sites such as Villabruna, Italy. Furthermore, the individuals differ not only in their genetic ancestry profiles but also in their mortuary practices and their diets and ecologies, as evidenced through stable isotope analyses. This finding mirrors patterns of dual genetic ancestry and admixture previously detected in Iberia but may suggest a more drastic genetic turnover in northwestern Europe than in the southwest.

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What lies beneath . . . Late Glacial human occupation of the submerged North Sea landscape

Abstract: Abstract

Cited by 16 publications

References 55 publications

FOSSIL BONES FROM THE NORTH SEA: RADIOCARBON AND STABLE ISOTOPE (¹³C/¹⁵N) DATA

FOSSIL BONES FROM THE NORTH SEA: RADIOCARBON AND STABLE ISOTOPE (¹³C/¹⁵N) DATA

Radiocarbon dates from the Netherlands and Doggerland as a proxy for vegetation and faunal biomass between 55 and 5 ka cal bp

Dual ancestries and ecologies of the Late Glacial Palaeolithic in Britain

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What lies beneath . . . Late Glacial human occupation of the submerged North Sea landscape

Abstract: Abstract

Cited by 16 publications

References 55 publications

FOSSIL BONES FROM THE NORTH SEA: RADIOCARBON AND STABLE ISOTOPE (13C/15N) DATA

FOSSIL BONES FROM THE NORTH SEA: RADIOCARBON AND STABLE ISOTOPE (13C/15N) DATA

Radiocarbon dates from the Netherlands and Doggerland as a proxy for vegetation and faunal biomass between 55 and 5 ka cal bp

Dual ancestries and ecologies of the Late Glacial Palaeolithic in Britain

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Product

Resources

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FOSSIL BONES FROM THE NORTH SEA: RADIOCARBON AND STABLE ISOTOPE (¹³C/¹⁵N) DATA

FOSSIL BONES FROM THE NORTH SEA: RADIOCARBON AND STABLE ISOTOPE (¹³C/¹⁵N) DATA