What is the risk of aluminium as a neurotoxin?

Exley, Christopher

doi:10.1586/14737175.2014.915745

Cited by 83 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…Several reports have been published regarding the heavy metal content of MTA cements ; however, limited studies have focused on the levels of Al in these dental biomaterials. Aluminium has diverse adverse health effects, including neurotoxicity , genotoxicity , Alzheimer's disease, dementia, hyperactivity, and learning disorders in children . For this reason we wanted to concentrate on Al in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo evaluation of the effects of hydraulic calcium silicate dental cements on plasma and liver aluminium levels in rats

Demirkaya

Demirdöğen

Torun

et al. 2015

European J Oral Sciences

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Our aim was to test whether the presence of three hydraulic calcium silicate dental cements--MTA Angelus, MTA Fillapex, and Theracal LC--in the dental extraction socket of an in vivo model, would affect the levels of aluminium (Al) in the plasma and liver. Following anesthesia, the right upper incisor of each male Wistar albino rat was extracted and polyethylene tubes filled with MTA Angelus, MTA Fillapex, or Theracal LC were inserted into the depth of the extraction socket and gingival tissue was sutured. The rats were killed 7, 30, or 60 d after the operation. Blood and liver samples were obtained from the rats before they were killed, and the levels of Al were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. Plasma Al levels were higher in the rats in which the mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) cements were implanted, especially MTA Angelus and MTA Fillapex, compared with control rats. In liver samples, however, the differences in Al level were not statistically significant. Our results show that Al might have been released into the circulation from the three dental cements tested, especially MTA Angelus and MTA Fillapex. Further research should be carried out on the possible biological effects of Al liberated from dental cements.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo evaluation of the effects of hydraulic calcium silicate dental cements on plasma and liver aluminium levels in rats

Demirkaya

Demirdöğen

Torun

et al. 2015

European J Oral Sciences

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“…Finally, in a recent report by Exley C [32] Al is considered a potential contributor to the onset, progression, and aggressiveness of ND, even if it appears to be difficult to establish when it contributes to disease etiology. However, since Al represents a risk to human health, it is necessary to implement measures to reduce its body burden to the lowest practical limit.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aluminium Involvement in Neurotoxicity

Fulgenzi

Vietti

Ferrero

2014

BioMed Research International

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The aetiology of neurodegenerative diseases (ND) seems to involve susceptibility genes and environmental factors. Toxic metals are considered major environmental pollutants. Following our study of a case of multiple sclerosis (MS) improvement due to removal of aluminium (Al) and other toxic metals, we have examined the possible relationship between Al intoxication and ND. We used the slow intravenous treatment with the chelating agent EDTA (calcium disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid) (chelation test) to remove Al and detected it in the urine collected from the patients for 12 hours. Patients affected by MS represented 85.6% of total ND. Al was present in 44.8% of cases comprehensive of ND and healthy patients. Al levels were significantly higher in ND patients than in healthy subjects. We here show that treatment of patients affected by Al burden with ten EDTA chelation therapies (EDTA intravenous administration once a week) was able to significantly reduce Al intoxication.

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“…Despite of its low bioavailability in the body, it is not yet fully understood how aluminum and its compounds interact in the absorption mechanism of the gastrointestinal tract (Berthon, 2002;Codex 2011). However, it is known that adverse effects may occur due to long-term exposure, being the nervous system the most sensitive tissue (Yokel 2000;Exley 2014). …”

Section: Aluminummentioning

confidence: 99%