What Is the Most Effective Way of Increasing the Bioavailability of Dietary Long Chain Omega-3 Fatty Acids—Daily vs. Weekly Administration of Fish Oil?

Ghasemifard, Samaneh; Sinclair, Andrew J.; Kaur, Gunveen; Lewandowski, Paul; Turchini, Giovanni M.

doi:10.3390/nu7075241

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The concept of different n-3 fatty acids having divergent metabolic fates (storage, oxidation or excretion) is supported by investigations carried out by others [36]. The lower hepatic CPT1A mRNA expression in the DHA fed lambs is indicative of lower fatty acid β-oxidation [37], as these animals might be using glycogen as an energy source in the liver.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Forms of n‐3 (ALA, C18:3n‐3 or DHA, C22:6n‐3) Fatty Acids Affect Carcass Yield, Blood Lipids, Muscle n‐3 Fatty Acids and Liver Gene Expression in Lambs

Ponnampalam

Lewandowski

Fahri

et al. 2015

Lipids

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The effects of supplementing diets with n-3 alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on plasma metabolites, carcass yield, muscle n-3 fatty acids and liver messenger RNA (mRNA) in lambs were investigated. Lambs (n = 120) were stratified to 12 groups based on body weight (35 ± 3.1 kg), and within groups randomly allocated to four dietary treatments: basal diet (BAS), BAS with 10.7 % flaxseed supplement (Flax), BAS with 1.8 % algae supplement (DHA), BAS with Flax and DHA (FlaxDHA). Lambs were fed for 56 days. Blood samples were collected on day 0 and day 56, and plasma analysed for insulin and lipids. Lambs were slaughtered, and carcass traits measured. At 30 min and 24 h, liver and muscle samples, respectively, were collected for determination of mRNA (FADS1, FADS2, CPT1A, ACOX1) and fatty acid composition. Lambs fed Flax had higher plasma triacylglycerol, body weight, body fat and carcass yield compared with the BAS group (P < 0.001). DHA supplementation increased carcass yield and muscle DHA while lowering plasma insulin compared with the BAS diet (P < 0.01). Flax treatment increased (P < 0.001) muscle ALA concentration, while DHA treatment increased (P < 0.001) muscle DHA concentration. Liver mRNA FADS2 was higher and CPT1A lower in the DHA group (P < 0.05). The FlaxDHA diet had additive effects, including higher FADS1 and ACOX1 mRNA than for the Flax or DHA diet. In summary, supplementation with ALA or DHA modulated plasma metabolites, muscle DHA, body fat and liver gene expression differently.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Forms of n‐3 (ALA, C18:3n‐3 or DHA, C22:6n‐3) Fatty Acids Affect Carcass Yield, Blood Lipids, Muscle n‐3 Fatty Acids and Liver Gene Expression in Lambs

Ponnampalam

Lewandowski

Fahri

et al. 2015

Lipids

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“…Flock et al (2013) investigated the dose-response of the Omega-3 Index through supplementation with increasing doses of omega-3, reporting a higher Omega-3 Index as the dose of omega-3 increased. This could be due to less b-oxidation and greater deposition following consumption of a single, large dose of dietary omega-3 compared with smaller, daily doses, as described by Ghasemifard et al (2015b) in a study involving rats.…”

Section: Dha In the Heart And Cardiovascular Systemmentioning

confidence: 98%

How does high DHA fish oil affect health? A systematic review of evidence

Fard

Wang

Sinclair

et al. 2018

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition

182

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The health benefits of fish oil, and its omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid content, have attracted much scientific attention in the last four decades. Fish oils that contain higher amounts of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3) than docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3), in a distinctive ratio of 18/12, are typically the most abundantly available and are commonly studied. Although the two fatty acids have traditionally been considered together, as though they were one entity, different physiological effects of EPA and DHA have recently been reported. New oils containing a higher quantity of DHA compared with EPA, such as fractionated and concentrated fish oil, tuna oil, calamari oil and microalgae oil, are increasingly becoming available on the market, and other oils, including those extracted from genetically modified oilseed crops, soon to come. This systematic review focuses on the effects of high DHA fish oils on various human health conditions, such as the heart and cardiovascular system, the brain and visual function, inflammation and immune function and growth/Body Mass Index. Although inconclusive results were reported in several instances, and inconsistent outcomes observed in others, current data provides substantiated evidence in support of DHA being a beneficial bioactive compound for heart, cardiovascular and brain function, with different, and at times complementary, effects compared with EPA. DHA has also been reported to be effective in slowing the rate of cognitive decline, while its possible effects on depression disorders are still unclear. Interestingly, gender- and age- specific divergent roles for DHA have also been reported. This review provides a comprehensive collection of evidence and a critical summary of the documented physiological effects of high DHA fish oils for human health.

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“…Samples were stored at −80 °C until analysis. Plasma samples were extracted and analysed for omega-3 content as per Ghasemifard et al (2015) [ 33 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Bioavailability of Omega-3 (DHA) through Alpha-Tocopheryl Phosphate Mixture (TPM) after Oral Administration in Rats

Libinaki¹,

Gavin²

2017

Nutrients

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Benefits of Omega-3 Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplements are hindered by their poor solubility and bioavailability. This study investigated the bioavailability of various formulations of Omega-3 and tocopheryl phosphate mixture (TPM), following oral administration in rats, and assessed whether TPM could improve the oral absorption of DHA. The rats were administered with a high (265.7 mg/kg) or low dose (88.6 mg/kg) of DHA. TPM was examined at 1:0.1 w/w (low TPM dose) and 1:0.5 w/w (high TPM dose). Over 24 h, the DHA plasma concentration followed a TPM dose-dependent relationship, reflected in the higher mean Cmax values (78.39 and 91.95 μg/mL) and AUC values (1396.60 and 1560.60) for the low and high TPM, respectively. The biggest difference between the low dose DHA control (LDCont) and TPM formulations was at 4 h after supplementation, where the low and high TPM showed a mean 20% (ns) and 50% (p < 0.05) increase in DHA plasma concentrations versus the control formulation. After correcting for baseline endogenous DHA, the mean plasma DHA at 4 h produced by the LD-HTPM was nearly double (90%) the LDC control (p = 0.057). This study demonstrated that co-administering omega-3 with TPM significantly increases the bioavailability of DHA in the plasma, suggesting potential use for commercially available TPM + DHA fortified products.

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What Is the Most Effective Way of Increasing the Bioavailability of Dietary Long Chain Omega-3 Fatty Acids—Daily vs. Weekly Administration of Fish Oil?

Cited by 13 publications

References 33 publications

Forms of n‐3 (ALA, C18:3n‐3 or DHA, C22:6n‐3) Fatty Acids Affect Carcass Yield, Blood Lipids, Muscle n‐3 Fatty Acids and Liver Gene Expression in Lambs

Forms of n‐3 (ALA, C18:3n‐3 or DHA, C22:6n‐3) Fatty Acids Affect Carcass Yield, Blood Lipids, Muscle n‐3 Fatty Acids and Liver Gene Expression in Lambs

How does high DHA fish oil affect health? A systematic review of evidence

Changes in Bioavailability of Omega-3 (DHA) through Alpha-Tocopheryl Phosphate Mixture (TPM) after Oral Administration in Rats

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