What is the Intermediate Host Species of SARS-CoV-2?

Friend, Thomas; Stebbing, Justin

doi:10.2217/fvl-2020-0390

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Moderate similarity was reported on a genome level between SARS-CoV-2 and pangolin CoV samples using phylogenetic analysis, and the ACE2 receptor binding domain of current SARS-CoV-2 resembles most closely that of the pangolin CoVs from Guangdong. However, it is unlikely that SARS-CoV-2 has emerged directly from the virus isolates in pangolins but rather from an ancestral virus that may have had sequence similarity with RaTG13 CoV that may have obtained the S protein from the MP789 CoV (231,232,244,247,248).…”

Section: Sars-cov-2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution, Ecology, and Zoonotic Transmission of Betacoronaviruses: A Review

et al. 2021

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Coronavirus infections have been a part of the animal kingdom for millennia. The difference emerging in the twenty-first century is that a greater number of novel coronaviruses are being discovered primarily due to more advanced technology and that a greater number can be transmitted to humans, either directly or via an intermediate host. This has a range of effects from annual infections that are mild to full-blown pandemics. This review compares the zoonotic potential and relationship between MERS, SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2. The role of bats as possible host species and possible intermediate hosts including pangolins, civets, mink, birds, and other mammals are discussed with reference to mutations of the viral genome affecting zoonosis. Ecological, social, cultural, and environmental factors that may play a role in zoonotic transmission are considered with reference to SARS-CoV, MERS, and SARS-CoV-2 and possible future zoonotic events.

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Section: Sars-cov-2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution, Ecology, and Zoonotic Transmission of Betacoronaviruses: A Review

et al. 2021

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“…Extensive passage in mice with humanized lungs and immune systems (Cockrell et al 2018;Wahl et al 2019) would explain such an improbable peptide sharing. Indeed, Friend and Stebbing (2021) propose knockout mice with human ACE2 receptors may be the intermediate animal host for SARS-CoV-2.…”

Section: Binding Domains Peptide Mimicrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Should we discount the laboratory origin of COVID-19?

Segreto

Deigin²,

McCairn³

et al. 2021

Environ Chem Lett

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“…Of special note with respect to the pangolin as a possible intermediate species in the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 is the finding that the receptor-binding domain sequences in the pangolin viruses share a 97.4% similarity in amino acid sequences with SARS-CoV-2 [243]. Further investigation suggests, however, that the genes underlying this receptor-binding domain differ too greatly to make it a likely evolutionary ancestor of the virus that has resulted in COVID-19 [244]. Lam et al [243] also note that the pangolin-derived viruses lack a cleavage site in the viral spike protein that is present in SARS-CoV-2 and suspected to be one reason for the virus' successful human infection rate.…”

Section: The Rodentiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and the Welfare of Animals during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Ekstrand

Flanagan

Lin

et al. 2021

Animals

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The accelerated pace of research into Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) necessitates periodic summaries of current research. The present paper reviews virus susceptibilities in species with frequent human contact, and factors that are best predictors of virus susceptibility. Species reviewed were those in contact with humans through entertainment, pet, or agricultural trades, and for whom reports (either anecdotal or published) exist regarding the SARS-CoV-2 virus and/or the resulting disease state COVID-19. Available literature was searched using an artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted engine, as well as via common databases, such as Web of Science and Medline. The present review focuses on susceptibility and transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2, and polymorphisms in transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) that contribute to species differences. Dogs and pigs appear to have low susceptibility, while ferrets, mink, some hamster species, cats, and nonhuman primates (particularly Old World species) have high susceptibility. Precautions may therefore be warranted in interactions with such species, and more selectivity practiced when choosing appropriate species to serve as models for research.

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What is the Intermediate Host Species of SARS-CoV-2?

Abstract: Tweetable abstract Dissecting the published evidence on the intermediate host species of SARS-CoV-2. An editorial review of the proximal origins of SARS-CoV-2, what may have been missed and why it matters.

Cited by 9 publications

References 18 publications

Evolution, Ecology, and Zoonotic Transmission of Betacoronaviruses: A Review

Evolution, Ecology, and Zoonotic Transmission of Betacoronaviruses: A Review

Should we discount the laboratory origin of COVID-19?

Animal Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and the Welfare of Animals during the COVID-19 Pandemic

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