Evolution, Ecology, and Zoonotic Transmission of Betacoronaviruses: A Review

Jelinek, Herbert F.; Mousa, Mira; Alefishat, Eman; Osman, Wael; Spence, Ian; Bu, Dengpan; Feng, Samuel F.; Byrd, Jason; Magni, P.A.; Sahibzada, Shafi; Tay, Guan K.; Alsafar, Habiba

doi:10.3389/fvets.2021.644414

Cited by 18 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 318 publications

(392 reference statements)

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“…The SARS-CoV sequences of the early period (November 2002 to January 2003) are close to the SL-CoV sequences of civets, in particular the existence of a sequence of 29 nucleotides located at the level of ORF8, which has then disappeared when the virus adapted to humans (deletion of 29 nucleotides) [65,87] . During the evolution of SARS-CoV, the mutation of amino acid residue 487 (from serine in civets to threonine in humans) of protein S seems to have contributed significantly to the adaptation of SARS-CoV to the human receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) [88][89][90] .…”

Section: Genome Similarity and Conserved Regionsmentioning

confidence: 66%

Human Coronaviruses: Genetics, Virulence Factors and Pathophysiology, Diseases’ Epidemiology

Katawa

Gambogou

Nguepou

et al. 2021

ijirms

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Coronaviruses are pathogens for both animals and humans. The recent Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19), caused by a novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), outbreak that took place in Hubei (Wuhan, China) from December 2019 aroused numerous questions regarding the nature and the origin of the SARS-CoV-2. Literature review of the main publications from scientific data bases was undertaken. These data revealed similarities of symptoms and identity of genome with the SARS-CoV. In this review, the genetics and virulence factors of coronaviruses, the disease pathophysiology and epidemiology were examined.

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Section: Genome Similarity and Conserved Regionsmentioning

confidence: 66%

Human Coronaviruses: Genetics, Virulence Factors and Pathophysiology, Diseases’ Epidemiology

Katawa

Gambogou

Nguepou

et al. 2021

ijirms

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“…However, future studies should expand their surveys beyond domestic, captive, or common laboratory animals for a fuller comprehension of coronavirus emergence and the extent of its radiation (Figure 1A). Surveillance efforts of coronaviruses in the wild are underway (e.g., PREDICT, Global Virome Genome) (161,162), which are important for identifying new coronaviruses with zoonotic potential [reviewed in (163)], tracking spillover pathways, and potentially filling in the host range gaps of known coronaviruses in humans and domestic mammals. Concurrently with the global expansion of humans and domestic mammals, various coronaviruses have emerged as a result of cross-species transmission among humans, and domestic and wild animals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-Species Transmission of Coronaviruses in Humans and Domestic Mammals, What Are the Ecological Mechanisms Driving Transmission, Spillover, and Disease Emergence?

Nova

2021

Front. Public Health

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Coronaviruses cause respiratory and digestive diseases in vertebrates. The recent pandemic, caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus 2, is taking a heavy toll on society and planetary health, and illustrates the threat emerging coronaviruses can pose to the well-being of humans and other animals. Coronaviruses are constantly evolving, crossing host species barriers, and expanding their host range. In the last few decades, several novel coronaviruses have emerged in humans and domestic animals. Novel coronaviruses have also been discovered in captive wildlife or wild populations, raising conservation concerns. The evolution and emergence of novel viruses is enabled by frequent cross-species transmission. It is thus crucial to determine emerging coronaviruses' potential for infecting different host species, and to identify the circumstances under which cross-species transmission occurs in order to mitigate the rate of disease emergence. Here, I review (broadly across several mammalian host species) up-to-date knowledge of host range and circumstances concerning reported cross-species transmission events of emerging coronaviruses in humans and common domestic mammals. All of these coronaviruses had similar host ranges, were closely related (indicative of rapid diversification and spread), and their emergence was likely associated with high-host-density environments facilitating multi-species interactions (e.g., shelters, farms, and markets) and the health or well-being of animals as end- and/or intermediate spillover hosts. Further research is needed to identify mechanisms of the cross-species transmission events that have ultimately led to a surge of emerging coronaviruses in multiple species in a relatively short period of time in a world undergoing rapid environmental change.

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“…Several variables must come along for successful zoonoses and the capacity to build in a new host, along with the development of a founder virus with a modification that enables higher levels of dissemination in the new host (Jelinek et al. 2021 ).…”

Section: Coronavirus Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Swine coronaviruses (SCoVs) and their emerging threats to swine population, inter-species transmission, exploring the susceptibility of pigs for SARS-CoV-2 and zoonotic concerns

Thakor

Dinesh

Manikandan

et al. 2022

Veterinary Quarterly

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Swine coronaviruses (SCoVs) are one of the most devastating pathogens affecting the livelihoods of farmers and swine industry across the world. These include transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV), porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV), swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV), and porcine delta coronavirus (PDCoV). Coronaviruses infect a wide variety of animal species and humans because these are having single stranded-RNA that accounts for high mutation rates and thus could break the species barrier. The gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and nervous systems are the primary organ systems affected by SCoVs. Infection is very common in piglets compared to adult swine causing high mortality in the former. Bat is implicated to be the origin of all CoVs affecting animals and humans. Since pig is the only domestic animal in which CoVs cause a wide range of diseases; new coronaviruses with high zoonotic potential could likely emerge in the future as observed in the past. The recently emerged severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), causing COVID-19 pandemic in humans, has been implicated to have animal origin, also reported from few animal species, though its zoonotic concerns are still under investigation. This review discusses SCoVs and their epidemiology, virology, evolution, pathology, wildlife reservoirs, interspecies transmission, spill-over events and highlighting their emerging threats to swine population. The role of pigs amid ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic will also be discussed. A thorough investigation should be conducted to rule out zoonotic potential of SCoVs and to design appropriate strategies for their prevention and control.

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Evolution, Ecology, and Zoonotic Transmission of Betacoronaviruses: A Review

Cited by 18 publications

References 318 publications

Human Coronaviruses: Genetics, Virulence Factors and Pathophysiology, Diseases’ Epidemiology

Human Coronaviruses: Genetics, Virulence Factors and Pathophysiology, Diseases’ Epidemiology

Cross-Species Transmission of Coronaviruses in Humans and Domestic Mammals, What Are the Ecological Mechanisms Driving Transmission, Spillover, and Disease Emergence?

Swine coronaviruses (SCoVs) and their emerging threats to swine population, inter-species transmission, exploring the susceptibility of pigs for SARS-CoV-2 and zoonotic concerns

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