What Is the Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Patients with Pre-Existing Mood or Anxiety Disorder? An Observational Prospective Study

Abstract

Background and Objectives: This observational prospective study aims to examine the psychological and psychopathological impact of the pandemic stress on patients with pre-existing mood, anxiety and obsessive–compulsive disorders. Materials and Methods: The study includes 386 consecutive patients recruited from 10 March to 30 June 2020 among those being treated at the Institute of Psychopathology in Rome (Italy) with an age ≥18 years and meeting DSM-5 criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD) (35.2%), bipolar I (BD-I) (21.5%) or II (BD-II) (28.8%) disorder, obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) (7.5%), panic disorder (PD) (7.0%) or social anxiety (SA). A total of 34.2% had lifetime comorbid Axis I disorders and 15.3% had alcohol/drug abuse disorders. Using a semi-structured interview, we investigated if the impact of COVID-19 stress for patients has been similar, higher or lower than that of their family and friends and, for patients with relapse/symptoms worsening, if there was a relationship between the clinical condition worsening and the pandemic stress. Results: Compared with that experienced by their family members and friends, the psychological impact of pandemic stress was similar in 52.1% of the sample, better in 37.1% and worse in 10.8%. In 21 patients (5.4%), the stress triggered a recurrence or worsened the symptoms. Patients with OCD had a higher rate of worsening due to pandemic stress compared to patients with MDD (p = 0.033), although, overall, the χ2 test was not significant among primary diagnoses (χ2 = 8.368; p = 0.057). Conclusions: The psychological and psychopathological consequences of COVID-19 stress in our outpatients were very modest. The continuity of care offered during the lockdown could explain the results.

Implications of the COVID-19 pandemic for people with bipolar disorders: A scoping review

“…Of these, 440 studies were excluded at the title/abstract level, and an additional 198 records were excluded following full-text review, as detailed in the supplementary material n.2. A total of 14 studies ( Ackerman et al, 2020 , 2021 ; Carmassi et al, 2020 ; Carta et al, 2021 ; Dattoli et al, 2020 ; Karantonis et al, 2021 ; Korten et al, 2021 ; Lazzari et al, 2020 ; McBride et al, 2021 ; Tundo et al, 2021 ; Uvais, 2020 ; Wang et al, 2021 ; Yin et al, 2020 ; Yocum et al, 2021 ) were eligible for inclusion. Please refer to figure 1 (study flow) and table 1 for additional details.…”

“…Please refer to figure 1 (study flow) and table 1 for additional details. Among the included studies, 6 studies ( Ackerman et al, 2020 ; Carmassi et al, 2020 ; Dattoli et al, 2020 ; Lazzari et al, 2020 ; Uvais, 2020 ; Yin et al, 2020 ) were published in 2020, and 8 studies ( Ackerman et al, 2021 ; Carta et al, 2021 ; Karantonis et al, 2021 ; Korten et al, 2021 ; McBride et al, 2021 ; Tundo et al, 2021 ; Wang et al, 2021 ; Yocum et al, 2021 ) were published in the year 2021. A total of 6 studies ( Carmassi et al, 2020 ; Dattoli et al, 2020 ; Korten et al, 2021 ; Lazzari et al, 2020 ; McBride et al, 2021 ; Tundo et al, 2021 ) were conducted in Europe, 4 studies ( Ackerman et al, 2020 , 2021 ; Wang et al, 2021 ; Yocum et al, 2021 ) in North America, 2 studies ( Uvais, 2020 ; Yin et al, 2020 ) in Asia, one study ( Karantonis et al, 2021 ) in Oceania, and one study included two different samples from independent geographical regions (Europe and Africa) ( Carta et al, 2021 ).…”

“…Among the included studies, 6 studies ( Ackerman et al, 2020 ; Carmassi et al, 2020 ; Dattoli et al, 2020 ; Lazzari et al, 2020 ; Uvais, 2020 ; Yin et al, 2020 ) were published in 2020, and 8 studies ( Ackerman et al, 2021 ; Carta et al, 2021 ; Karantonis et al, 2021 ; Korten et al, 2021 ; McBride et al, 2021 ; Tundo et al, 2021 ; Wang et al, 2021 ; Yocum et al, 2021 ) were published in the year 2021. A total of 6 studies ( Carmassi et al, 2020 ; Dattoli et al, 2020 ; Korten et al, 2021 ; Lazzari et al, 2020 ; McBride et al, 2021 ; Tundo et al, 2021 ) were conducted in Europe, 4 studies ( Ackerman et al, 2020 , 2021 ; Wang et al, 2021 ; Yocum et al, 2021 ) in North America, 2 studies ( Uvais, 2020 ; Yin et al, 2020 ) in Asia, one study ( Karantonis et al, 2021 ) in Oceania, and one study included two different samples from independent geographical regions (Europe and Africa) ( Carta et al, 2021 ). Concerning study designs, 6 studies ( Ackerman et al, 2021 ; Carmassi et al, 2020 ; Dattoli et al, 2020 ; Karantonis et al, 2021 ; McBride et al, 2021 ; Tundo et al, 2021 ) were cross-sectional, 3 studies ( Carta et al, 2021 ; Korten et al, 2021 ; Yocum et al, 2021 ) were prospective cohort studies, one study( Ackerman et al, 2020 ) was a retrospective cohort study, and one study( Wang et al, 2021 ) was a case-control study, and 3 studies ( Lazzari et al, 2020 ; Uvais, 2020 ; Yin et al, 2020 ) were case reports/series.…”

“…A total of 6 studies ( Carmassi et al, 2020 ; Dattoli et al, 2020 ; Korten et al, 2021 ; Lazzari et al, 2020 ; McBride et al, 2021 ; Tundo et al, 2021 ) were conducted in Europe, 4 studies ( Ackerman et al, 2020 , 2021 ; Wang et al, 2021 ; Yocum et al, 2021 ) in North America, 2 studies ( Uvais, 2020 ; Yin et al, 2020 ) in Asia, one study ( Karantonis et al, 2021 ) in Oceania, and one study included two different samples from independent geographical regions (Europe and Africa) ( Carta et al, 2021 ). Concerning study designs, 6 studies ( Ackerman et al, 2021 ; Carmassi et al, 2020 ; Dattoli et al, 2020 ; Karantonis et al, 2021 ; McBride et al, 2021 ; Tundo et al, 2021 ) were cross-sectional, 3 studies ( Carta et al, 2021 ; Korten et al, 2021 ; Yocum et al, 2021 ) were prospective cohort studies, one study( Ackerman et al, 2020 ) was a retrospective cohort study, and one study( Wang et al, 2021 ) was a case-control study, and 3 studies ( Lazzari et al, 2020 ; Uvais, 2020 ; Yin et al, 2020 ) were case reports/series. The diagnosis of BD was validated according to the DSM-5 by 8 studies( Ackerman et al, 2020 , 2021 ; Carmassi et al, 2020 ; Carta et al, 2021 ; Dattoli et al, 2020 ; Tundo et al, 2021 ; Uvais, 2020 ; Yin et al, 2020 ), the DSM-IV or DSM-IV-TR in 3 studies ( Karantonis et al, 2021 ; Korten et al, 2021 ; Yocum et al, 2021 ), and the ICD-10 in 3 studies ( Lazzari et al, 2020 ; McBride et al, 2021 ; Wang et al, 2021 ); additionally, the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) was adopted in 4 studies ( Ackerman et al, 2020 , 2021 ; Karantonis et al, 2021 ; Korten et al, 2021 ), and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 (SCID-5) was used in one st...…”

Transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo em tempos de pandemia de COVID-19

“…Mukai e Yamanishi (2020),Perkes et al (2020),Rajkumar (2020),Schwartz-Lifshitz et al (2021),Sharma et al (2021),Tundo et al (2021)) apontaram que o aumento de sintomas em pacientes com TOC foi indiferente ou insignificante frente à pandemia.Das publicações supracitadas que identificaram a exacerbação dos sintomas, o agravo nas obsessões de contaminação e compulsões de lavagem teve uma maior evidência, tanto nos que já possuíam essas condições quanto naqueles que mudaram de fenótipo ou apresentaram novos sintomas. De acordo com os resultados, o contexto pandêmico atual de COVID-19 trouxe implicações significativas ou até drásticas para esses pacientes.Vale ressaltar ainda que o agravo dos sintomas de TOC foi também relatado em pacientes que apresentam outras dimensões da doença, sendo percebido o aumento de compulsões de evitação, verificação, acumulação e agressividade.…”