What is the future of electrical impedance spectroscopy in flow cytometry?

Gökçe, Furkan; Ravaynia, Paolo S.; Modena, Mario M.; Hierlemann, Andreas

doi:10.1063/5.0073457

Cited by 15 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…An important challenge that has to be addressed is the enabling of the integration of the sensors into microfluidic platforms and readout electronics. There are several sensor approaches to detect proteins in situ in microfluidics by means of optical or dielectric and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy [ 67 ]. Realization of readout electronics for these sensors requires highly-integrated miniaturized circuits realized in advanced semi-conductor technologies (e.g., complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology).…”

Section: Methods For Manufacturing Microfluidic Structures For Biosen...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Label-Free Physical Techniques and Methodologies for Proteins Detection in Microfluidic Biosensor Structures

et al. 2022

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Proteins in biological fluids (blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid) are important biomarkers of various pathological conditions. Protein biomarkers detection and quantification have been proven to be an indispensable diagnostic tool in clinical practice. There is a growing tendency towards using portable diagnostic biosensor devices for point-of-care (POC) analysis based on microfluidic technology as an alternative to conventional laboratory protein assays. In contrast to universally accepted analytical methods involving protein labeling, label-free approaches often allow the development of biosensors with minimal requirements for sample preparation by omitting expensive labelling reagents. The aim of the present work is to review the variety of physical label-free techniques of protein detection and characterization which are suitable for application in micro-fluidic structures and analyze the technological and material aspects of label-free biosensors that implement these methods. The most widely used optical and impedance spectroscopy techniques: absorption, fluorescence, surface plasmon resonance, Raman scattering, and interferometry, as well as new trends in photonics are reviewed. The challenges of materials selection, surfaces tailoring in microfluidic structures, and enhancement of the sensitivity and miniaturization of biosensor systems are discussed. The review provides an overview for current advances and future trends in microfluidics integrated technologies for label-free protein biomarkers detection and discusses existing challenges and a way towards novel solutions.

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Section: Methods For Manufacturing Microfluidic Structures For Biosen...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Label-Free Physical Techniques and Methodologies for Proteins Detection in Microfluidic Biosensor Structures

et al. 2022

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“…Furthermore, conventional techniques are often complex, costly, and time-consuming, and the labeling step can significantly alter the final analyzed sample, thus limiting their use in various analyses [ 13 ]. The drawbacks of these conventional techniques can be avoided by using micro-electrical impedance spectroscopy (µEIS) [ 14 ], a non-invasive procedure used to analyze the electrical properties of cells or tissues. It involves applying an alternating current (AC) signal to the sample and measuring the resulting impedance, i.e., measuring the resistance of the sample to the flow of current.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization design of interdigitated microelectrodes with an insulation layer on the connection tracks to enhance efficiency of assessment of the cell viability

et al. 2023

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Background Microelectrical Impedance Spectroscopy (µEIS) is a tiny device that utilizes fluid as a working medium in combination with biological cells to extract various electrical parameters. Dielectric parameters of biological cells are essential parameters that can be extracted using µEIS. µEIS has many advantages, such as portability, disposable sensors, and high-precision results. Results The paper compares different configurations of interdigitated microelectrodes with and without a passivation layer on the cell contact tracks. The influence of the number of electrodes on the enhancement of the extracted impedance for different types of cells was provided and discussed. Different types of cells are experimentally tested, such as viable and non-viable MCF7, along with different buffer solutions. This study confirms the importance of µEIS for in vivo and in vitro applications. An essential application of µEIS is to differentiate between the cells’ sizes based on the measured capacitance, which is indirectly related to the cells’ size. The extracted statistical values reveal the capability and sensitivity of the system to distinguish between two clusters of cells based on viability and size. Conclusion A completely portable and easy-to-use system, including different sensor configurations, was designed, fabricated, and experimentally tested. The system was used to extract the dielectric parameters of the Microbeads and MCF7 cells immersed in different buffer solutions. The high sensitivity of the readout circuit, which enables it to extract the difference between the viable and non-viable cells, was provided and discussed. The proposed system can extract and differentiate between different types of cells based on cells’ sizes; two other polystyrene microbeads with different sizes are tested. Contamination that may happen was avoided using a Microfluidic chamber. The study shows a good match between the experiment and simulation results. The study also shows the optimum number of interdigitated electrodes that can be used to extract the variation in the dielectric parameters of the cells without leakage current or parasitic capacitance.

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“…This technique is a label-free and high-throughput method to characterise cellular systems based on their electrical phenotype. [11][12][13] Applications range from fundamental life-science and drug assessment research to point-of-care diagnostics and precision medicine. The development of novel approaches for multiparametric impedance-based characterisation at high throughput requires tailored strategies for signal processing and data analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%