What is the effect of carbon nanotube shape on desalination process? A simulation approach

Razmkhah, Mohammad; Ahmadpour, Ali; Mosavian, Mohammad Taghi Hamed; Moosavi, Fatemeh

doi:10.1016/j.desal.2016.12.019

Cited by 39 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…The morphology of a porous material is typically given by a system of channels and cages, which have specific structures. Porous mediums are exploited in many industrial applications and can be referred to as such substances as sandstone filled by gas/liquid in sand [ 5 ], polymers [ 6 ], ceramic [ 7 , 8 ], carbon nanotubes [ 9 , 10 , 11 ], colloids [ 12 ], gas shale [ 13 ], catalytic materials [ 14 , 15 ], silicate materials [ 16 ], zeolites [ 17 , 18 ]. In recent years, significant progress was made concerning the synthesis of nanoporous materials with a tailored pore size and structure, controlled surface functionality, and their applications, see e.g., References [ 12 , 14 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ] for reviews.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For modeling reasons, the structure of a porous material is usually described in terms of different kinds of cylinders, frustums, cavities or slits, filled by spheres. These geometries appear in a wide range of contexts, as studies of liquid/mass transport properties [ 9 , 10 , 18 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ], flows [ 10 , 32 , 33 , 34 ], adsorption-desorption of gases [ 20 , 35 ], drainage-capillarity [ 5 , 36 , 37 , 38 ], dispersion in a porous medium and zeolites [ 17 , 18 , 39 , 40 ], diffusion of gases [ 41 , 42 ], viscose flows [ 43 ], liquid filtration [ 8 , 19 , 44 ], water desalination [ 11 ], water and protein permeability [ 22 , 25 , 45 ], fluids [ 6 , 21 , 33 , 46 ], targeted drug delivery [ 47 ], blood analysis and signaling processes in biology [ 48 , 49 ], as well as general studies, like e.g., porosity nature [ 13 ] or characterization of porous solids [ 16 , 50 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Filling of Irregular Channels with Round Cross-Section: Modeling Aspects to Study the Properties of Porous Materials

et al. 2018

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The filling of channels in porous media with particles of a material can be interpreted in a first approximation as a packing of spheres in cylindrical recipients. Numerous studies on micro- and nanoscopic scales show that they are, as a rule, not ideal cylinders. In this paper, the channels, which have an irregular shape and a circular cross-section, as well as the packing algorithms are investigated. Five patterns of channel shapes are detected to represent any irregular porous structures. A novel heuristic packing algorithm for monosized spheres and different irregularities is proposed. It begins with an initial configuration based on an fcc unit cell and the subsequent densification of the obtained structure by shaking and gravity procedures. A verification of the algorithm was carried out for nine sinusoidal axisymmetric channels with different Dmin/Dmax ratio by MATLAB® simulations, reaching a packing fraction of at least 0.67 (for sphere diameters of 5%Dmin or less), superior to a random close packing density. The maximum packing fraction was 73.01% for a channel with a ratio of Dmin/Dmax = 0.1 and a sphere size of 5%Dmin. For sphere diameters of 50%Dmin or larger, it was possible to increase the packing factor after applying shaking and gravity movements.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Filling of Irregular Channels with Round Cross-Section: Modeling Aspects to Study the Properties of Porous Materials

et al. 2018

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“…Cone-shaped CNTs conduct water faster than tubular ones. The higher capacity and lower energy barrier against water passing the cone-shaped CNTs result in shorter residence time and a higher number of water molecules inside CNTs [ 35 ]. Moreover, when the water flows from the base to the tip, the channel with 19.2 taper angle (left shown Figure 4 a) has the maximum water flux.…”

Section: Cnt Membranes For Reverse Osmosis Desalinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…with permission from Elsevier, 2019). Schematics of different shapes of CNTs; (c) hetero-junction CNT, (d) tubular(6,6) CNT, (e) cone-shaped CNT (reproduced or adapted from ref [35],. with permission from Elsevier, 2017).…”

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confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Applications of Carbon Nanotubes for Desalination: A Review

et al. 2020

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As a sustainable, cost-effective and energy-efficient method, membranes are becoming a progressively vital technique to solve the problem of the scarcity of freshwater resources. With these critical advantages, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have great potential for membrane desalination given their high aspect ratio, large surface area, high mechanical strength and chemical robustness. In recent years, the CNT membrane field has progressed enormously with applications in water desalination. The latest theoretical and experimental developments on the desalination of CNT membranes, including vertically aligned CNT (VACNT) membranes, composited CNT membranes, and their applications are timely and comprehensively reviewed in this manuscript. The mechanisms and effects of CNT membranes used in water desalination where they offer the advantages are also examined. Finally, a summary and outlook are further put forward on the scientific opportunities and major technological challenges in this field.

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“…The mixed‐matrix membranes (MMMs) have proved themselves successful in achieving desired features of the membranes with enhanced overall performance (Madaeni, Ghaemi, & Rajabi, 2015). Lately, carbon‐based fillers such as activated carbon (Liu et al, 2017; Tagliavini & Schäfer, 2018), carbon nanotubes (CNTs) (Kaleekkal, Rana, & Mohan, 2016; Razmkhah, Ahmadpour, Mosavian, & Moosavi, 2017), and graphene (Ho, Teow, Ang, & Mohammad, 2017; Zhang et al, 2018) have been extensively explored for their superior features, that is, high porosity, higher adsorptive capacity, thermal stability, and high hydrophilicity. Incorporation of these fillers into polymer matrix such as polysulfone, polyamide, and polyvinyl fluoride has shown encouraging signs in terms of improved membrane structure and performance (Navarro‐Pardo, Martinez‐Hernandez, & Velasco‐Santos, 2016; Wilson, George, & Jose, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, characterization, and performance analysis of carbon molecular sieve‐embedded polyethersulfone mixed‐matrix membranes for the removal of dissolved ions

Qadir

Nasir

Mukhtar

et al. 2020

Water Environment Research

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The asymmetric polyethersulfone (PES‐15 wt.%) mixed‐matrix membranes were prepared by incorporation of carbon molecular sieve (CMS) with varying concentrations (1, 3, and 5 wt.%). Physicochemical characterization of synthesized membranes was carried out using field emission scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscopy, contact angle, thermogravimetric analysis, zeta potential analyzer, porosity, and mean pore sizes. Performance analysis of synthesized mixed‐matrix membranes was carried out by varying the operating parameters such as pressure (2–10 bar), feed concentration (100–1,000 mg/L), and cations type (Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and Sn2+). Effect of operating parameters and CMS concentration was investigated on pure water flux (PWF), permeate flux, and rejection of membranes. It was found that mixed‐matrix membrane containing 15 wt.% PES with 1 wt.% CMS displayed the superior physicochemical characteristics in terms of hydrophilicity (37.9°), surface charge (−13.8 mV), mean pore diameter (6.04 nm), and thermal properties (Tg = 218.5°C), and overall performance. E5C1 membrane showed 1.5 times higher PWF (75.5 L m−2 hr−1) and incremented in rejection for all salts than the nascent membrane. Practitioner points Carbon molecular sieve‐embedded mixed‐matrix membranes were synthesized by phase inversion method. The resultant membranes experienced improved hydrophilicity, roughness, surface charge, porosity, and mean pore diameter with 1 wt.% CMS loading. The pure water flux was improved from 55.77 to 75.05 L m−2 hr−1 when 1 wt.% CMS was added in pure PES. The observed rejection of a mixed‐matrix membrane with 1 wt.% CMS was the maximum for all salts.

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What is the effect of carbon nanotube shape on desalination process? A simulation approach

Cited by 39 publications

References 74 publications

Filling of Irregular Channels with Round Cross-Section: Modeling Aspects to Study the Properties of Porous Materials

Filling of Irregular Channels with Round Cross-Section: Modeling Aspects to Study the Properties of Porous Materials

Recent Advances in Applications of Carbon Nanotubes for Desalination: A Review

Synthesis, characterization, and performance analysis of carbon molecular sieve‐embedded polyethersulfone mixed‐matrix membranes for the removal of dissolved ions

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