What is Reasoning? What Is an Argument?

Dissent in the Midst of Emotional Territory

“…I turn now to articulating the definitions of argument and emotion that ground this approach, and then I show how emotions function in arguments in terms of fulfilling a particular argument dialogue's goals (see Walton 1990). This at least should demonstrate the functional aspects of emotional arguments.…”

“…Stemming from Gilbert's work, I then begin a preliminary descriptive account of a more advanced notion of emotional argumentation than currently exists. This includes further defining emotional arguments and explaining their presence in critical discussions, debates, negotiations, and quarrels, four different argumentative dialogues outlined by Walton (1990). This account is by no means complete but rather should be thought of as a beginning to the vast nature of emotional argumentation.…”

About Old and New Dialectic: Dialogues, Fallacies, and Strategies

“…Before entering upon a comparison of the old and the new dialectic with respect to their types of dialogue, fallacies, and strategies, we shall stipulate what we understand by 'reasoning' and 'argument', expanding on Walton's discussion of these concepts (Walton, 1990) by introducing several functions of reasoning. This will, so we hope, contribute to what Johnson perceives as the much-needed theory of reasoning (Johnson, 2000, p. 362-365).…”

Trust and argumentation in multi-agent systems

“…The formalisation of argumentation as a non-monotonic logic has been studied by Pollock (1987), Dung (1995) and many others. Philosophers, behavioural scientists, psychologists and sociologists, such as Walton (1990) and Mercier and Sperber (2011), study the relationship between argumentation and human reasoning. The second approach, is to consider the dialectical theory of argumentation, and in particular the role of argumentation in communication.…”