What is new in perinatal HIV prevention?

Fowler, Mary Glenn; Flynn, Patricia M.; Aizire, Jim

doi:10.1097/mop.0000000000000579

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…57 However, prospective studies are needed regarding the safety, efficacy, and acceptability in women living with HIV before it can be incorporated into perinatal guidelines and practice. 58 Further, perinatal transmission rates have dramatically decreased from one in three newborns infected to less than one in a hundred, 35,59 with elimination of mother to child transmission of HIV in a growing number of countries worldwide. 9 However, gaps remain, in that 1. interventions appear promising as strategies to improve adherence.…”

Section: Infant Feeding Practicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV Infection in Pregnant Women: A 2020 Update

Harris

Yudin

2020

Prenatal Diagnosis

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Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was first described in 1981, and continues to be one of the worst global health pandemics in recorded history. Concerted international efforts have helped to increase awareness of human immunodeficiency (HIV) status, improve access to treatment and continuation of therapy to achieve viral suppression with a goal of ending the AIDS epidemic by 2030. The clinical outcomes for patients living with HIV on combined antiretroviral therapy are considerably improved with prolonged life expectancy and superior quality of life. Further, perinatal transmission rates have dramatically decreased with elimination of mother to child transmission of HIV in a growing number of countries worldwide. However, there have been significant reductions in the pace of progress in treatment expansion for pregnant women with failure to meet global targets in 2018. In this review, we will highlight recent advances and challenges ahead in 2020 for three areas of perinatal care for women with HIV in developed countries: (a) pregnancy planning considerations, (b) impact of antiviral medications on perinatal outcomes, and (c) infant feeding practices. The promise of a HIV-free generation is on the horizon and continued international efforts in preventing perinatal transmission are an important component of this achievement.

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Section: Infant Feeding Practicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV Infection in Pregnant Women: A 2020 Update

Harris

Yudin

2020

Prenatal Diagnosis

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“…Mothers are usually commenced on anti-retroviral therapy (ART) as soon as a diagnosis is made. The use of ART allows breastfeeding to commence and continue with all of the advantages this brings to mother an infant [51]. Breastfeeding should be exclusive until six months before any other fluids or complementary foods are given.…”

Section: Hiv Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breastfeeding and the Risk of Infant Illness in Asia: A Review

Lee

Binns

2019

IJERPH

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Infancy remains the most vulnerable period of human life for death, illness, and establishing a lifetime trajectory of growth and health. It is estimated that there are 5.3 million deaths under five years of age worldwide and approximately 800,000 lives could be saved by improving breastfeeding rates and duration. In Asia, an estimated 300,000–350,000 child deaths could be prevented with optimal breastfeeding and the majority would be under 12 months of age. We present a systematic review of studies of infection and breastfeeding in infants in Asia and further review interactions of selected infectious diseases and breastfeeding. Initially, 2459 records of possible interest were identified, 153 full text papers were reviewed in detail, and 13 papers describing diarrhoeal disease and/or acute respiratory tract infection were selected for inclusion in the review. Additional papers were selected to discuss specific diseases and their relationship to breastfeeding. The review found that a variety of methods were used with differing definitions of breastfeeding and diseases. Overall, breastfeeding when compared to the use of infant formula, is associated with significantly lower rates of diarrhoeal disease and lower respiratory tract infection, with a reduction of 50% or more to be expected, especially in infants under six months of age. The relationship between breastfeeding and specific diseases including measles and HTLV1 were reviewed. Breastfeeding reduces some disease rates, but there remain a few conditions where breastfeeding may be contra-indicated.

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“…Until now, it was considered that HIV can be transmitted from the mother not only during pregnancy or during birth but also through breastfeeding. Research has shown that the administration of antiretroviral drugs to mothers and babies can signifi cantly reduce the risk of HIV transmission through breastfeeding 39,40 . Th e rate of postnatal transmission of HIV from mother to fetus when the mother is receiving antiretroviral treatment was estimated at 3.5% at 6 months and 4.2% at 12 months 41,42 .…”

Section: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (Hiv) Infection In the Mothermentioning

confidence: 99%

Contraindications to Breastfeeding - Current Issues at the Border Between Myth and Reality

Stanescu¹,

Totan²,

Mircescu³

et al. 2019

Rev. Med. Mod.

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Breast milk is recommended as an optimal and exclusive source of early nutrition for all infants from birth to at least 6 months of age. Despite all the benefi ts of breastfeeding, there are situations where breastfeeding is contraindicated. There are differences of opinion regarding the contraindications of breastfeeding, the current research bringing more knowledge in this area. It is important to know the differences of opinion for the correct approach of the breastfeeding patient.

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What is new in perinatal HIV prevention?

Cited by 16 publications

References 53 publications

HIV Infection in Pregnant Women: A 2020 Update

HIV Infection in Pregnant Women: A 2020 Update

Breastfeeding and the Risk of Infant Illness in Asia: A Review

Contraindications to Breastfeeding - Current Issues at the Border Between Myth and Reality

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