What is necessary for next‐generation atmospheric environmental standards? Recent research trends for PM<sub>2.5</sub>‐bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives

Toriba, Akira; Hayakawa, Kazuichi

doi:10.1002/bmc.5038

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(66 reference statements)

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“…Air pollution causes millions of deaths annually and is attributed to multiple adverse birth outcomes, such as obesity, lung malfunction, and asthma (Hsu et al 2020 ; Toriba and Hayakawa 2021 ). The Global Burden of Diseases in 2019 indicated that particulate matter pollution was the second-leading level 3 risk factor for disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) among all risks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Atmosphere Surveillance (2016–2021) of PM2.5-bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Health Risk Assessment in Yangtze River Delta, China

Yao²,

Meng

et al. 2023

Expo Health

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Long-term atmospheric quality monitoring of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) and PM 2.5 -bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was performed in Wuxi from 2016 to 2021. In total, 504 atmospheric PM 2.5 samples were collected, and PM 2.5 -bound 16 PAHs were detected. The PM 2.5 and ∑PAHs level decreased annually from 2016 to 2021, from 64.3 to 34.0 μg/m 3 and 5.27 to 4.22 ng/m 3 , respectively. The benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) levels of 42% of the monitoring days in 2017 exceeded the recommended European Union (EU) health-based standard of 1 ng/m 3 . Five- and six-ring PAHs were found, including benz[a]anthracene, benzo[k]fluoranthene (Bkf), BaP, and benzo[g,h,i]perylene, which were the dominant components (indicating a prominent petroleum, biomass, and coal combustion contribution) using molecular diagnostic ratios and positive matrix factorization analysis. Moreover, PM 2.5 and PAHs were significantly negatively associated with local precipitation over a period of six years. Statistically significant temporal and spatial distribution differences of PM 2.5 , and ∑PAHs were also found. The toxicity equivalent quotient (TEQ) of total PAHs was 0.70, and the TEQ of BaP (0.178) was the highest, followed by that of Bkf (0.090), dibenz[a,h]anthracene (Dah) (0.048), and indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene (0.034). The medians of the incremental lifetime cancer risk for long-term exposure to PAHs were 2.74E−8, 1.98E−8, and 1.71E−7 for children, teenagers, and adults, respectively, indicating that the carcinogenic risk of PAHs pollution in air was acceptable to local residents in this area. Sensitivity analysis revealed that BaP, Bkf, and Dah significantly contributed to carcinogenic toxicity. This research provides comprehensive statistics on the local air persistent organic pollutants profile, helps to identify the principal pollution source and compounds, and contributes to the prevention of regional air pollution. Graphical Abstract Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12403-023-00572-x.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Atmosphere Surveillance (2016–2021) of PM2.5-bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Health Risk Assessment in Yangtze River Delta, China

Yao²,

Meng

et al. 2023

Expo Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Air pollution causes millions of deaths annually and is attributed to multiple adverse birth outcomes, such as obesity, lung malfunction, and asthma (Toriba et al, 2021, Hsu et al, 2020. The Global Burden of Diseases in 2019 indicated that particulate matter pollution was the second-leading Level 3 risk factor for disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) among all risks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term atmosphere surveillance (2016-2021) of PM2.5-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and health risk assessment in Yangtze River delta, China

Yao

Meng

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Long-term atmospheric quality monitoring of PM2.5 and PM2.5-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was performed in Wuxi from 2016 to 2021. A total of 504 atmospheric PM2.5 samples were collected, and PM2.5-bound 16 PAHs were detected. The PM2.5 and ∑PAHs level decreased annually from 2016–2021, from 64.3 to 34.0 μg/m3 and 5.27 to 4.22 ng/m3, respectively. The benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) of 42% of the monitoring days in 2017 exceeded the recommended health-based standard of the European Union (EU) at 1ng/m3. Five- and six-ring PAHs, including benz[a]anthracene (Baa), benzo[k] fluoranthene (Bkf), BaP, and benzo[g,h,i]perylene (Bghi), were the dominant components, indicating a prominent petroleum, biomass, and coal combustion contribution by molecular diagnostic ratios and positive matrix factorization analysis. Statistically significant temporal and spatial distribution differences of PM2.5, and ∑PAHs were also found. The toxicity equivalent concentration (TEQ) was 0.70 for total PAHs and the TEQ of BaP (0.178) was the highest, followed by Bkf (0.090), dibenz[a,h]anthracene (Dah) (0.048), and indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene (Ind) (0.034). The medians of the incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) for long-term exposure to PAHs were 2.74E-8, 1.98E-8, and 1.71E-7 for children, teenagers, and adults, respectively, indicating that the carcinogenic risk of PAHs pollution in air was acceptable to local residents in this area. Sensitivity analysis showed that BaP, Bkf, and Dah significantly contributed to carcinogenic toxicity. This research supplies comprehensive statistics on the local air persistent organic pollutants profile, helps to identify the principle pollution source and compounds, and contributes to the prevention of regional air pollution.

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Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Hayakawa¹

2022

Handbook of Air Quality and Climate Change

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What is necessary for next‐generation atmospheric environmental standards? Recent research trends for PM_2.5‐bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives

Cited by 8 publications

References 40 publications

Long-Term Atmosphere Surveillance (2016–2021) of PM2.5-bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Health Risk Assessment in Yangtze River Delta, China

Long-Term Atmosphere Surveillance (2016–2021) of PM2.5-bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Health Risk Assessment in Yangtze River Delta, China

Long-term atmosphere surveillance (2016-2021) of PM2.5-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and health risk assessment in Yangtze River delta, China

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

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What is necessary for next‐generation atmospheric environmental standards? Recent research trends for PM2.5‐bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives

Cited by 8 publications

References 40 publications

Long-Term Atmosphere Surveillance (2016–2021) of PM2.5-bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Health Risk Assessment in Yangtze River Delta, China

Long-Term Atmosphere Surveillance (2016–2021) of PM2.5-bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Health Risk Assessment in Yangtze River Delta, China

Long-term atmosphere surveillance (2016-2021) of PM2.5-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and health risk assessment in Yangtze River delta, China

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

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What is necessary for next‐generation atmospheric environmental standards? Recent research trends for PM_2.5‐bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives