What is life? A perspective of the mathematical kinetic theory of active particles

Bellomo, Nicola; Burini, Diletta; Dosi, Giovanni; Gibelli, Livio; Knopoff, Damián; Outada, Nisrine; Terna, Pietro; Virgillito, Maria Enrica

doi:10.1142/s0218202521500408

Cited by 63 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…A study about childhood vaccinations suggested pro-vaccine parents can influence those who may be vaccine hesitant [ 41 ]. Thus, guiding people through the social influence of leaders (e.g., trained personnel or peer/personal opinion leaders) can greatly facilitate crowd management during emergencies [ 47 ], similar to how pro-vaccine parents can help correct vaccine misinformation in-person or online [ 41 , 42 , 47 ]. Such messenger-led and peer-endorsed health communication interventions are simple and efficient in design, can give voice to the science for all stages from vaccine development to vaccination, and have the desired impact on the larger population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Listening to Voices from African American Communities in the Southern States about COVID-19 Vaccine Information and Communication: A Qualitative Study

et al. 2022

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The high uptake of COVID-19 vaccines is one of the most promising measures to control the pandemic. However, some African American (AA) communities exhibit vaccination hesitancy due to mis- or disinformation. It is important to understand the challenges in accessing reliable COVID-19 vaccine information and to develop feasible health communication interventions based on voices from AA communities. We conducted 2 focus group discussions (FGDs) among 18 community stakeholders recruited from 3 counties in South Carolina on 8 October and 29 October 2021. The FGDs were conducted online via Zoom meetings. The FGD data were managed and thematically analyzed using NVivo 12. Participants worked primarily in colleges, churches, and health agencies. We found that the challenges of accessing reliable vaccine information in AA communities primarily included structural barriers, information barriers, and a lack of trust. Community stakeholders recommended recruiting trusted messengers, using social events to reach target populations, and conducting health communication campaigns through open dialogue among stakeholders. Health communication interventions directed at COVID-19 vaccine uptake should be grounded in ongoing community engagement, trust-building activities, and transparent communication about vaccine development. Tailoring health communication interventions to different groups may help reduce misinformation spread and thus promote vaccination in AA communities in the southern states.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Listening to Voices from African American Communities in the Southern States about COVID-19 Vaccine Information and Communication: A Qualitative Study

et al. 2022

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“…The output accounts for the heterogeneity of the immune defence within a susceptible population and predicts the different outputs of the dynamics, namely full recovery, need of hospitalization and death. The mathematical framework is that of the mathematical theory of active particles [16], for systems which operate far from equilibrium. This approach has been used also in different types of scientific investigations, for instance modelling contagion dynamics in crowds, from the pioneering article [17] to more recent developments [18,19], transport of compartmental models in the territory [20], or models accounting for social distance [21].…”

Section: Aims and Plan Of The Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The model focuses on the dynamics of vaccination which has shown to be the most effective action developed to tackle the pandemic. The contents are presented in the following three subsections, where firstly, we derive a multiscale model of the aforementioned dynamics based on a development of the mathematical theory of active particles [16]. The model refers to a population with homogeneous ability of the immune defence.…”

Section: Modelling Vaccinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pandemics of mutating virus and society: a multi-scale active particles approach

Bellomo

Burini

Outada

2022

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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This article presents, within a multiscale framework, a search for a unified approach towards modelling the COVID-19 pandemic, from contagion to within-host dynamics. The modelling is focused on vaccination and therapeutical actions in general. The first part of our article is devoted to understanding the complex features of the system and to the design of a modelling rationale. Then, the modelling approach follows mainly focused on the competition between the proliferating virus and the immune system. Modelling considers also the action of vaccination plans related to the onset of new variants. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Kinetic exchange models of societies and economies’.

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“…According to the research scale, dynamic crowd models can be divided into three types: microscale models, [10][11][12][13][14][15][16] macroscale models, [17][18][19][20][21][22][23] and mesoscale models (kinetic models). [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] Microscale models are used to analyze and model individual motion characteristics and they include the social force model and the cellular automaton model. The social force model originated from Lewin's domain theory 10 and was developed based on Helbing's introduction of Newton's mechanical concept.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A kinetic theory model of human crowds accounting for visual attention

Wang

2022

SIMULATION

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The visual attention of pedestrians has been rarely considered in studies of congestion prevention in long-distance passages. This paper proposes a kinetic theory model of human crowds accounting for visual attention to study congestion in long-distance passages. The population is divided into visual attention-shifting pedestrians (VAS pedestrians) and nonvisual attention-shifting pedestrians (non-VAS pedestrians). First, the movement characteristics of all pedestrians are analyzed based on observations and measurements obtained through controlled experiments. Moreover, a pedestrian flow model accounting for visual attention is built to transform the characteristics of pedestrian movement into a mathematical model. Finally, validation is done, and the density and the proportion of VAS pedestrians are selected as congestion warning parameters. Simulations are performed for a subway passage connected to stairs, and the effect of visual attention, the critical thresholds of congestion warning parameters, and the effects of implementing mitigation measures immediately after congestion occurs are assessed. The experimental results show that the movement characteristics of VAS pedestrians and non-VAS pedestrians are different. Simulation results show that the model is effective. Notably, visual attention has an impact on pedestrian movement, and using the density and the proportion of VAS pedestrians as early warning indicators is effective for preventing the occurrence of congestion, as demonstrated by the negative correlation between the two critical thresholds. This description of human groups provides quantitative guidelines for crowd management.

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What is life? A perspective of the mathematical kinetic theory of active particles

Cited by 63 publications

References 113 publications

Listening to Voices from African American Communities in the Southern States about COVID-19 Vaccine Information and Communication: A Qualitative Study

Listening to Voices from African American Communities in the Southern States about COVID-19 Vaccine Information and Communication: A Qualitative Study

Pandemics of mutating virus and society: a multi-scale active particles approach

A kinetic theory model of human crowds accounting for visual attention

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