What is a problem? Theoretical conceptions and methodological approaches to the study of problem solving

Holth, Per

doi:10.1080/15021149.2008.11434302

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…There are at least four traditions of problem‐solving research, namely gestalt, learning, information‐processing, and psychometric analysis (Holth, 2008). Our overarching theoretical approach is based on the information‐processing perspective (Newell and Simon, 1972).…”

Section: Theory Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of executive problem solving in knowledge accumulation and manufacturing improvements

Choo

Nag

Xia

2015

J of Ops Management

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a b s t r a c tThis study investigates how strategic leaders influence knowledge stocks and manufacturing improvements in firms. In doing so, we identify two related but distinct problem-solving orientations among senior executives. The first orientation uses short-term remedies to control and contain the impact of a problem, which we label as symptomatic problem solving (SPS). The other orientation addresses a problem situation with the objective of developing new understanding and skills, and we label it as generative problem solving (GPS). We test our theoretical framework using two waves of survey data from a sample of metal casting manufacturers (metal foundries) in the United States. Our analysis shows that GPS positively affects both internal and external knowledge stocks, while SPS negatively influences internal knowledge stock. Knowledge stocks, in turn, facilitate incremental and radical manufacturing improvements. Our results suggest that the two executive problem-solving orientations can potentially counteract each other in enhancing and depreciating knowledge stocks, and subsequently affect a manufacturer's ability to attain improvements both in the short and long termsPublished by Elsevier B.V.

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Section: Theory Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of executive problem solving in knowledge accumulation and manufacturing improvements

Choo

Nag

Xia

2015

J of Ops Management

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…All problem-solving research traditions agree that a problem is a task for which individuals do not know what to do to get an answer (Holth [15]). Researchers think that problem-solving should be both an end result of learning mathematics and the means through which mathematical concepts, processes, and procedures are learned.…”

Section: Perspectives On Mathematics Problem-solving Instructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using the Working Backwards Strategy of Problem-Solving in Teaching Mathematics to Foster Mathematics Self-Efficacy

2016

Jour. Pure Appl. Math. Adv. Appl.

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In this study, we qualitatively explore how teaching problem-solving focusing on the working backwards strategy enhances students' efficacy beliefs to solve problems in mathematics. Efficacy-beliefs in one's capacity to organize and execute the courses of action required to produce given attainments constitute the best predictive motivational component of performance. Participants were 131 students of four junior-high school classes. The students came from average socioeconomic backgrounds. This qualitative case study was designed to elicit tacit knowledge on problem-solving self-efficacy of students pre-and post-using the working backwards strategy. A non-participant observation and five in-depth interviews were conducted in each class. Two discussions of the methods in the class were recorded. Data were analyzed using constant comparative analysis and grounded theory techniques. Results showed that teaching problem-solving focusing on the working backwards strategy enhanced students' problem-solving efficacy beliefs, self-regulation, and contributed to mathematical thinking performances.

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“…Este "insight" seria, segundo o autor, um tipo de desempenho distinto de instâncias de tentativa-e--erro, como as encontradas por Thorndike (1911) com gatos em caixa problema (para uma revisão de como estas duas visões foram confrontadas na época, cf. Hartmann, 1933;Thorpe, 1963;Holt, 2008;Ruiz & Sanchéz, 2014). Um dos desempenhos clássicos de "insight" relatados por Köhler foi o de um chimpanzé chamado Sultão, que possuía ao seu alcance um par de ferramentas encaixáveis e uma banana fora do alcance de seus braços (mesmo com o uso das partes desencaixadas da ferramenta) (Köhler, 1917(Köhler, /1948.…”

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Efeitos de treinos sucessivo e concomitante sobre a recombinação de repertórios de cavar e escalar em Rattus norvegicus

et al. 2017

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A recombinação de repertórios é um processo comportamental relacionado a resolução de problemas e origem de comportamentos novos. O presente estudo teve por objetivo testar o efeito de treinos concomitante e sucessivo sobre a recombinação de dois repertórios: (a) cavar, e; (b) escalar, em ratos (Rattus norvegicus). Seis ratos foram alocados dois a dois em três condições de treino. Em uma condição, os repertórios foram treinados em duas sessões diárias, uma de cada repertório (condição concomitante, n=2). Na segunda condição, foram realizadas uma sessão por dia, e primeiro foi treinado o repertório de cavar, e depois de encerrado o treino de cavar, foi treinado o repertório de escalar (condição sucessiva, n=2). Em uma terceira condição (n=2), foi feito o treino sucessivo idêntico a segunda condição, com a adição de sessões de retomada do primeiro repertório treinado, antes do teste. Para testar a recombinação, os animais foram expostos a uma situação problema cuja solução exigia que cavassem e encontrassem uma fresta que dava acesso a escadas que chegavam em uma plataforma com comida, uma sequência de respostas nunca diretamente treinada. Todos os sujeitos, das três condições, resolveram a tarefa final, porém com topografias de resolução do problema distintas. Os sujeitos da condição concomitante resolveram o problema em menor tempo, em comparação com os demais sujeitos. Com base nos dados, são avaliados os efeitos de variáveis de treino sobre a recombinação de repertórios e os critérios utilizados para avaliar diferentes topografias de solução de um mesmo problema.

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What is a problem? Theoretical conceptions and methodological approaches to the study of problem solving

Cited by 18 publications

References 37 publications

The role of executive problem solving in knowledge accumulation and manufacturing improvements

The role of executive problem solving in knowledge accumulation and manufacturing improvements

Using the Working Backwards Strategy of Problem-Solving in Teaching Mathematics to Foster Mathematics Self-Efficacy

Efeitos de treinos sucessivo e concomitante sobre a recombinação de repertórios de cavar e escalar em Rattus norvegicus

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