What happens to refugee-origin entrepreneurs? Combining mixed embeddedness and strategy perspectives in a longitudinal study

Ram, Monder; Jones, Trevor; Doldor, Sabina; Villares-Varela, María; Li, Hongqin

doi:10.1080/01419870.2021.1991970

Cited by 9 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Self-employment rate can be taken as a reasonable proxy for “necessity entrepreneurship” (Rodrigues and Teixeira, 2021; Zighan, 2021), being particularly suitable in a study on refugee inflows, often associated to necessity rather than opportunity entrepreneurship (Margolis, 2014; Ram et al , 2022), due to the substantial obstacles refugees face in their host countries (Collins et al , 2017), forcing them to create their businesses to ensure their family’s basic needs (Zighan, 2021).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some recent empirical studies have found that refugees in the UK are more likely to select into self-employment due to discrimination and labor market exclusion (Ram et al , 2022), and the move into entrepreneurship of refugee entrepreneurs in Adelaide (Australia) was an experience driven mostly by necessity in the sense that opening up a business was the only way to entry into the labor market and to actively participate in the host country/region economy (Collins et al , 2017). In addition, it has been found that refugees are more likely to start their ventures or be (often informally) employed in (new) ventures operating in low value-added (Hall, 2020; Kayaoglu, 2020) and the least profitable market sectors (Kloosterman, 2010).…”

Section: Determinants Of Countries’ Entrepreneurial Rates: a Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To the extent that these data encompass a larger number of countries of origin and destination of refugees, our study complements the existing empirical studies that have explored the impact of given refugee inflows, from Syria and Afghanistan, on specific host countries, Turkey (Kayaoglu, 2020; Cengiz and Tekgüç, 2022) and Australia (Collins et al , 2017), respectively. Moreover, given that refugees are more likely to select into self-employment and potentially contribute to the creation of (refugee and nonrefugee) new businesses particularly in low-value sectors (Ram et al , 2022), the consideration of distinct proxies for the entrepreneurship rate, including total early-stage entrepreneurial activity (TEA) rate and self-employment rate, might bring novel and interesting empirical outcomes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Do refugee inflows contribute to the host countries’ entrepreneurial rates? A dynamic panel data analysis, 2000–2019

Noorbakhsh

Teixeira

2023

JEC

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Purpose This study aims to estimate the impact of refugee inflows on host countries’ entrepreneurial rates. The refugee crisis led to an increased scientific and public policy interest in the impact of refugee inflows on host countries. One important perspective of such an impact, which is still underexplored, is the impact of refugee inflows on host countries entrepreneurial rates. Given the high number of refugees that flow to some countries, it would be valuable to assess the extent to which such countries are likely to reap the benefits from increasing refugee inflows in terms of (native and non-native) entrepreneurial talent enhancement. Design/methodology/approach Resorting to dynamic (two-step system generalized method of moments) panel data estimations, based on 186 countries over the period between 2000 and 2019, this study estimates the impact of refugee inflows on host countries’ entrepreneurial rates, measured by the total early-stage entrepreneurial activity (TEA) rate and the self-employment rate. Findings In general, higher refugee inflows are associated with lower host countries’ TEA rates. However, refugee inflows significantly foster self-employment rates of “medium-high” and “high” income host countries and host countries located in Africa. These results suggest that refugee inflows tend to enhance “necessity” related new ventures and/ or new ventures (from native and non-native population) operating in low value-added, low profit sectors. Originality/value This study constitutes a novel empirical contribution by providing a macroeconomic, quantitative assessment of the impact of refugee from distinct nationalities on a diverse set of host countries' entrepreneurship rates in the past two decades resorting to dynamic panel data models, which enable to address the heterogeneity of the countries and deal with the endogeneity of the variables of the model.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Determinants Of Countries’ Entrepreneurial Rates: a Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Do refugee inflows contribute to the host countries’ entrepreneurial rates? A dynamic panel data analysis, 2000–2019

Noorbakhsh

Teixeira

2023

JEC

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“…Entrepreneurship has been identified as one of the agentic modes of inclusion through which refugees can carve out their socioeconomic positions in receiving societies (Embiricos, 2020, Heilbrunn and Iannone, 2020, Obschonka et al. , 2018; Ram et al. , 2022, Shepherd et al.…”

Section: Refugee Entrepreneurship and Agencymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The increasing number of newcomers has sparked contentious debates around their inclusion in society and the labor market in host countries. Entrepreneurship has been identified as one of the agentic modes of inclusion through which refugees can carve out their socioeconomic positions in receiving societies (Embiricos, 2020, Heilbrunn and Iannone, 2020, Obschonka et al, 2018Ram et al, 2022, Shepherd et al, 2020.…”

Section: Refugee Entrepreneurship and Agencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Refugee entrepreneurship from an intersectional approach

Khademi,

Essers,

Van Nieuwkerk

2024

IJEBR

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PurposeThis article develops an innovative multidisciplinary conceptual framework in the field of refugee entrepreneurship by combining the theory of mixed embeddedness with the concepts of intersectionality and agency. Focusing on the phenomenon of refugee entrepreneurship, this conceptual framework addresses the following questions: how is entrepreneurship informed by the various intersectional positions of refugees? And how do refugees exert their agency based on these intersecting identities?Design/methodology/approachBy revising the mixed embeddedness approach and combining it with an intersectional approach, this study aims to develop a multidimensional conceptual framework.FindingsThis research illustrates how the intersectional positions of refugees impact their entrepreneurial motivations, resources and strategies. The authors' findings show that refugee entrepreneurship not only contributes to the economic independence of refugees in new societies but also creates opportunities for refugees to exert their agency.Originality/valueThis conceptual framework can be applied in empirical research and accordingly contributes to refugee entrepreneurship studies and intersectionality theory.

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Current Analysis of the Effects of Refugee Entrepreneurs and Workers on the Turkish Economic Development and Labor Market

Akcan

2023

Refugee and Immigrant Entrepreneurship

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What happens to refugee-origin entrepreneurs? Combining mixed embeddedness and strategy perspectives in a longitudinal study

Cited by 9 publications

References 33 publications

Do refugee inflows contribute to the host countries’ entrepreneurial rates? A dynamic panel data analysis, 2000–2019

Do refugee inflows contribute to the host countries’ entrepreneurial rates? A dynamic panel data analysis, 2000–2019

Refugee entrepreneurship from an intersectional approach

Current Analysis of the Effects of Refugee Entrepreneurs and Workers on the Turkish Economic Development and Labor Market

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