What Does Dorsal Cortex Contribute to Perception?

Freud, Erez; Behrmann, Marlene; Snow, Jacqueline C.

doi:10.1162/opmi_a_00033

Cited by 30 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 131 publications

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“…In nonhuman primates, size coding of solid objects has been observed in neural population in the dorsal cortex (Murata et al, 2000;Sakata et al, 1995;Taira, Mine, Georgopoulos, Murata, & Sakata, 1990). These findings, together with our EEG results, support recent arguments that the dorsal cortex may be specialized for processing the shape and size of solid objects (Freud et al, 2020;Fabbri, Stubbs, Cusack, & Culham, 2016).…”

Section: Why Does a Transparent Barrier Modulate Earlysupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Nevertheless, our findings align with recent arguments that the dorsal cortex processes visual object attributes with respect to the constraints they impose for perception in the service of action-a view that contrasts with traditional frameworks that ascribe a more monolithic role for the dorsal cortex that focuses solely on action (Freud et al, 2020).…”

Section: Why Does a Transparent Barrier Modulate Earlysupporting

confidence: 89%

“…There are philosophical and empirical reasons to expect that viewing pictures may engage different cognitive and neural processes than viewing real-world objects (Snow & Culham, 2021;Freud, Behrmann, & Snow, 2020;Erlikhman, Caplovitz, Gurariy, Medina, & Snow, 2018). Perhaps most importantly, unlike pictures, real objects are tangible solids that can be grasped and manipulated with the hands.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Graspability Modulates the Stronger Neural Signature of Motor Preparation for Real Objects vs. Pictures

Fairchild

Marini

Snow

2021

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

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The cognitive and neural bases of visual perception are typically studied using pictures rather than real-world stimuli. Unlike pictures, real objects are actionable solids that can be manipulated with the hands. Recent evidence from human brain imaging suggests that neural responses to real objects differ from responses to pictures; however, little is known about the neural mechanisms that drive these differences. Here, we tested whether brain responses to real objects versus pictures are differentially modulated by the “in-the-moment” graspability of the stimulus. In human dorsal cortex, electroencephalography responses show a “real object advantage” in the strength and duration of mu (μ) and low beta (β) rhythm desynchronization—well-known neural signatures of visuomotor action planning. We compared desynchronization for real tools versus closely matched pictures of the same objects, when the stimuli were positioned unoccluded versus behind a large transparent barrier that prevented immediate access to the stimuli. We found that, without the barrier in place, real objects elicited stronger μ and β desynchronization compared to pictures, both during stimulus presentation and after stimulus offset, replicating previous findings. Critically, however, with the barrier in place, this real object advantage was attenuated during the period of stimulus presentation, whereas the amplification in later periods remained. These results suggest that the “real object advantage” is driven initially by immediate actionability, whereas later differences perhaps reflect other, more inherent properties of real objects. The findings showcase how the use of richer multidimensional stimuli can provide a more complete and ecologically valid understanding of object vision.

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Section: Why Does a Transparent Barrier Modulate Earlysupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Why Does a Transparent Barrier Modulate Earlysupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Graspability Modulates the Stronger Neural Signature of Motor Preparation for Real Objects vs. Pictures

Fairchild

Marini

Snow

2021

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

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“…This provides infants with the opportunity to experience the same information in more than one modality and link visual and manual information to each other, which consequently could lead to a more in‐depth and elaborated object processing. Real objects within reach might be more likely to engage the dorsal visual stream, which is linked to the planning and controlling of actions (Erlikhman, Caplovitz, Gurariy, Medina, & Snow, 2018; Freud, Behrmann, & Snow, 2020; Goodale & Milner, 1992; Milner & Goodale, 2008). Consequently, the opportunity to manually interact with objects might specifically enhance size processing as it is necessary for successfully grasping the objects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The advantage of real objects over matched pictures in infants' processing of the familiar size of objects

Sensoy

Culham

Schwarzer

2021

Infant and Child Development

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We investigate when infants exhibit knowledge of the familiar size of well‐known objects and whether this knowledge is affected by stimulus format, that is, whether the stimuli are presented as real objects or matched pictures. Infants (130 7‐ and 12‐month‐olds) saw everyday objects such as sippy cups and pacifiers in their familiar size and novel sizes (larger or smaller than the familiar size) placed pairwise within infants' reach. We used a preferential‐looking paradigm to investigate whether infants are able to discriminate familiar from novel sizes. Although, infants of both age groups looked longer toward real objects that were smaller or larger than the familiar size, there were no looking preferences for the pictures. These results suggest that although 7‐ and 12‐month‐olds demonstrate familiar size knowledge for real objects, this understanding does not generalize to pictorial representations of those objects.

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“…The cortical visual system is comprised of two anatomically and functionally distinct pathways. The ventral pathway projects from the occipital lobe to the temporal lobe and supports vision-for-perception, while the dorsal pathway travels from the occipital lobe to the posterior parietal cortex and processes information that is utilized to support vision-for-action (Mishkin & Ungerleider, 1982; Goodale & Milner, 1992; for a revised view see Freud, Plaut & Behrmann, 2016; Freud, Behrmann & Snow, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unilateral Resection of Both Cortical Visual Pathways Alters Action but not Perception

Ahmad

Behrmann

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The human cortical visual system consists of two major pathways, a ventral pathway that subserves perception and a dorsal pathway that subserves visuomotor control. These pathways follow dissociable developmental trajectories, and, accordingly, might be differentially susceptible to neurodevelopmental disorders or injuries. Previous studies have found that children with cortical resections of the ventral visual pathway retain largely normal visuoperceptual abilities. Whether visually guided actions, supported by computations carried out by the dorsal pathway, follow a similar pattern remains unknown. To address this question, we examined visuoperceptual and visuomotor behaviors in a pediatric patient, TC, who underwent a cortical resection that included portions of the left ventral and dorsal pathways. We collected data when TC used her right and left hands to perceptually estimate the width blocks that varied in width and length, and, separately, to grasp the same blocks. Her perceptual estimation performance was comparable to that of controls, independent of the hand used. In contrast, relative to controls, she showed reduced visuomotor sensitivity to object shape and this was more evident when she grasped the objects with her contralesional right hand. These results provide evidence for a striking difference in the reorganization profiles of the two visual pathways. This difference supports the notion that the two pathways exhibit differential susceptibility to neurodevelopmental disorders.

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What Does Dorsal Cortex Contribute to Perception?

Cited by 30 publications

References 131 publications

Graspability Modulates the Stronger Neural Signature of Motor Preparation for Real Objects vs. Pictures

Graspability Modulates the Stronger Neural Signature of Motor Preparation for Real Objects vs. Pictures

The advantage of real objects over matched pictures in infants' processing of the familiar size of objects

Unilateral Resection of Both Cortical Visual Pathways Alters Action but not Perception

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