What do babies eat? Evaluation of a food frequency questionnaire to assess the diets of infants aged 6 months

Marriott, Lynne D.; Inskip, Hazel; Borland, Sharon E.; Godfrey, Keith M.; Law, Catherine; Robinson, Siân

doi:10.1017/s1368980007001292

Cited by 60 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Whilst there is concern that such questionnaires can be prone to measurement error, they have been shown to identify similar patterns of diet to dietary records (17,18) , and pattern scores determined using different dietary methods are highly correlated (5,19) . In separate validation studies we have also established that nutrient intakes assessed using these FFQ at 6 and 12 months of age are comparable with nutrient intakes assessed using weighed records (11,12) . Second, the mothers of participants were a subset of the overall SWS cohort.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

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Breast-feeding and adherence to infant feeding guidelines do not influence bone mass at age 4 years

et al. 2009

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The impact of variations in current infant feeding practice on bone mineral accrual is not known. We examined the associations between duration of breast-feeding and compliance with infant dietary guidelines and later bone size and density at age 4 years. At total of 599 (318 boys) mother -child pairs were recruited from the Southampton Women's Survey. Duration of breast-feeding was recorded and infant diet was assessed at 6 and 12 months using FFQ. At 6 and 12 months the most important dietary pattern, defined by principal component analysis, was characterised by high consumption of vegetables, fruits and home-prepared foods. As this was consistent with infant feeding recommendations, it was denoted the 'infant guidelines' pattern. At age 4 years, children underwent assessment of whole-body bone size and density using a Hologic Discovery dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry instrument. Correlation methods were used to explore the relationships between infant dietary variables and bone mineral. There was no association between duration of breast-feeding in the first year of life and 4-year bone size or density. 'Infant guidelines' pattern scores at 6 and 12 months were also unrelated to bone mass at age 4 years. We observed wide variations in current infant feeding practice, but these variations were not associated with differences in childhood bone mass at age 4 years. Osteoporosis epidemiology: Growth: Infant diet: Guidelines: Peak bone massLittle is known about the impact of early nutrition on later childhood bone health. Previous studies have focused on variations in milk-feeding, as formula milk and breast milk differ in composition, most notably in protein and vitamin D content. However, the findings of these studies are not consistent and bone mineral in breast-fed children has been shown to be both lower and higher than in those who were formula-fed. A study of forty infants found reduced whole-body bone mineral content (BMC) in the breast-fed v. formula-fed babies at 12 months (1) . In contrast, amongst 330 eight-year-old children, those who had been breast-fed in infancy had higher bone mineral density (BMD) compared with those who had been formula-fed (2) . Previous work has also revealed uncertainty regarding the long-term impact of breast-v. formula-feeding, although the few studies with greater duration of follow-up suggest that any short-term differences are ameliorated by later childhood (3,4) .There are large variations in infant feeding practice in the UK (5,6) but little is known about the role of the weaning diet in relation to later bone health. These variations need to be considered. First, there may be confounding effects on the associations between bone health and variations in milk-feeding, as the duration of breast-feeding is related both to the age when solid foods are introduced (6) and the types of solid foods fed during weaning (5 -7) . Second, in a recent study we have shown that variations in bone health in children are associated with the dietary patterns of their mothers in pregnan...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Diet was assessed at 6 months and at 12 months using administered FFQ that were developed for the SWS (11,12) . Trained research nurses administered the FFQ.…”

Section: Dietary Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breast-feeding and adherence to infant feeding guidelines do not influence bone mass at age 4 years

et al. 2009

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“…Bulgaria (Petrova, 1998) Ten publications assessed dietary intakes at different time points in infants and young children participating in cohort studies, i.e. the German Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed (DONALD) study (Hilbig, 2005;Schwartz et al, 2010), the UK Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) (Noble and Emmett, 2001;Emmett et al, 2002;Rogers et al, 2003;Noble and Emmett, 2006), the UK Southampton Women's Survey (SWS) (Marriott et al, 2008;Marriott et al, 2009), and the Finnish Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention (DIPP) study (Kyttälä et al, 2008;Kyttälä et al, 2010).…”

Section: Dietary Surveysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More than 50 % of the British infants (P50: 6.9 mg per day) studied by Marriott et al (2008) and around 25 % of Dutch infants (P25: 8.3 mg per day) (de Boer et al, 2006) had intakes below the AI.…”

Section: Ironmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on nutrient requirements and dietary intakes of infants and young children in the European Union

Products¹

2013

EFS2

185

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Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) was asked to deliver a Scientific Opinion on the nutrient requirements and dietary intakes of infants and young children in the European Union. This Opinion describes the dietary requirements of infants and young children, compares dietary intakes and requirements in infants and young children in Europe and, based on these findings, concludes on the potential role of young-child formulae in the diets of infants and young children, including whether they have any nutritional benefits when compared with other foods that may be included in the normal diet of infants and young children. The Panel concluded on the levels of nutrient and energy intakes that are considered adequate for the majority of infants and young children, and evaluated the risk of inadequate nutrient intakes in infants and young children in living Europe. Dietary intakes of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), iron, vitamin D and iodine (in some European countries) are low in infants and young children living in Europe, and particular attention should be paid to ensuring an appropriate supply of ALA, DHA, iron, vitamin D and iodine in infants and young children with inadequate or at risk of inadequate status of these nutrients. No unique role of young-child formulae with respect to the provision of critical nutrients in the diet of infants and young children living in Europe can be identified, so that they cannot be considered as a necessity to satisfy the nutritional requirements of young children when compared with other foods that may be included in the normal diet of young children (such as breast milk, infant formulae, follow-on formulae and cow's milk).

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“…FFQ are particularly useful for establishing generalised patterns of food intake but with the exception of a few recent studies (2)(3)(4)(5) have not been widely used to assess dietary intakes of infants and/or young children. We have previously described an FFQ for dietary assessment at 6 months of age (6) . In the present paper, we evaluate the use of an interviewer-administered FFQ to assess the diets of infants aged 12 months, for use in a large population survey (the Southampton Women's Survey (SWS)), that would describe dietary patterns, and would rank infants in terms of their nutrient intake.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

What do babies eat? Evaluation of a food frequency questionnaire to assess the diets of infants aged 12 months

Marriott¹,

Inskip²,

Borland³

et al. 2009

Public Health Nutr.

112

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Objective: To evaluate the relative validity of an FFQ for assessing nutrient intakes in 12-month-old infants. Design and setting: The FFQ was developed to assess the diets of infants born to women in the Southampton Women's Survey (SWS), a population-based survey of young women and their offspring. The energy and nutrient intakes obtained from an interviewer-administered FFQ were compared with those obtained from 4 d weighed diaries (WD). Subjects and methods: A sub-sample of fifty infants (aged 1 year) from the SWS had their diets assessed by both methods. The FFQ recorded the frequencies and amounts of foods and drinks consumed by the infants over the previous 28 d; milk consumption was recorded separately. The WD recorded the weights of all foods and drinks consumed by the infants on 4 d following the FFQ completion. Results: The Spearman rank correlation coefficients for intakes of energy, macronutrients and eighteen micronutrients, determined by the two methods, ranged from r 5 0?25 to 0?66. Bland-Altman statistics showed that mean differences between methods were in the range 15 % to 160 % except for vitamin D (1106 %). Differences in micronutrient intake were partly explained by changes in patterns of milk consumption between the two assessments. Conclusion: Although there were differences in absolute energy and nutrient intakes between methods, there was reasonable agreement in the ranking of intakes. The FFQ is a useful tool for assessing energy and nutrient intakes of healthy infants aged around 12 months. Keywords Infant Food frequency questionnaire Weighed diary ValidationThe determination of energy and nutrient intakes during infancy and childhood is important for the evaluation of the impact of diet on growth, development and long-term health. Various methods have been used to assess the dietary intakes of infants and toddlers (1) . FFQ are particularly useful for establishing generalised patterns of food intake but with the exception of a few recent studies (2)(3)(4)(5) have not been widely used to assess dietary intakes of infants and/or young children. We have previously described an FFQ for dietary assessment at 6 months of age (6) . In the present paper, we evaluate the use of an interviewer-administered FFQ to assess the diets of infants aged 12 months, for use in a large population survey (the Southampton Women's Survey (SWS)), that would describe dietary patterns, and would rank infants in terms of their nutrient intake. In a sample of SWS infants, we compare energy and nutrient intakes assessed by the FFQ with intakes determined from 4 d weighed diaries (WD). Subjects and methods SubjectsThe study was set within the SWS (7) , in which non-pregnant women were recruited, then followed through their subsequent pregnancy and the offspring followed up. The SWS study population of infants born between 1998 and 2003 comprised 1973 infants. Of these, 1618 (82 %) were visited within 2 weeks before and 3 weeks after their first birthday when diet was assessed. After stratification by curren...

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What do babies eat? Evaluation of a food frequency questionnaire to assess the diets of infants aged 6 months

Cited by 60 publications

References 26 publications

Breast-feeding and adherence to infant feeding guidelines do not influence bone mass at age 4 years

Breast-feeding and adherence to infant feeding guidelines do not influence bone mass at age 4 years

Scientific Opinion on nutrient requirements and dietary intakes of infants and young children in the European Union

What do babies eat? Evaluation of a food frequency questionnaire to assess the diets of infants aged 12 months

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