What color are emergency exit signs? Egress behavior differs from verbal report

Kinateder, Max; Warren, William H.; Schloss, Karen B.

doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2018.08.010

Cited by 63 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In terms of the color of the safety sign, Wong’s [ 12 ] study showed that green exit signs had higher visual performance than other color. One interesting study showed that while participants regarded the color red as a safety sign in a questionnaire, they walked out of a green door in a virtual experiment; the results challenged the local exposure hypothesis and supported the semantic association hypothesis [ 13 ]. From the dynamic and static points of view on the safety sign, a dynamic signage system combined with dynamic features has more visibility than a static signage system [ 14 , 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Physiological Experimental Study on the Effect of Different Color of Safety Signs on a Virtual Subway Fire Escape—An Exploratory Case Study of Zijing Mountain Subway Station

Chen

Zhao

Gao

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Safety signs play a very important role in people’s evacuation during emergencies. In order to explore the appropriate color for subway safety signs, four safety signs of different color combinations are designed, and the virtual reality, eye-tracking technology, and physiological indicator measurement are used in a virtual subway fire escape experiment. A total of 96 participants with equal distribution in gender and four different color combination groups were recruited. Participants’ eye-tracking and physiological data (heart rate, skin conductance) were real-time recorded through ErgoLAB V3.0 in the whole experiment. The relationship between Color_of_safety_sign and escape performance, eye-tracking indicators, and physiological indicators is discussed respectively through SPSS. The results show that “Green and black” group has the best evacuation escape performance, low cognitive load, high search efficiency on safety signs, and the highest stress level and immersion and “Green and black” can be the most appropriate color for safety sign. This research is of certain significance for improving the function of subway fire-fighting infrastructure and the resilience of the metro system. Moreover, it can provide references and advice on risk management, emergency evacuation, and so on.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Physiological Experimental Study on the Effect of Different Color of Safety Signs on a Virtual Subway Fire Escape—An Exploratory Case Study of Zijing Mountain Subway Station

Chen

Zhao

Gao

et al. 2020

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Studies on enhancing signage systems performance investigate the efficiency of signage systems according to the type, colour and design of the signage system [9,[16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25], and optimal installation location of exit signs [5,[26][27][28]. For enhancement of signage system performance, some researchers have studied the efficiency of signage systems according to type.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Frantzich and Nilsson [19] conducted experiments on three types of guidance systems in simulated situations (flashing lights, rows of flashing lights, and floor markings). Some researchers also demonstrated [20][21][22][23][24] that flash lights had a positive effect on the wayfinding of subjects through experimental studies, and conducted experimental studies of people's choices based on signage colour [24,25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gaze Point in the Evacuation Drills: Analysis of Eye Movement at the Indoor Wayfinding

Bae

Kim

et al. 2020

Sustainability

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Signage systems are the main means of resolving the wayfinding problem in an emergency evacuation. However, recent literature has proven that signage systems are often not effective in an indoor wayfinding decision-making situation. Many studies that attempted to solve the problem did not consider the interaction between the optimal location of signage systems and gaze characteristics. Therefore, this study aimed to provide basic database to determine the optimal location of signage by analysing the characteristics of eye movements according to the type of junction. To achieve this, we conducted evacuation experiments in a maze set composed of eight junctions that we created ourselves and analysed the eye movement data of participants with 5196 gaze points and duration of 895,581.49 ms. The result showed that participants most often look between 100 cm and 150 cm (vertical height) in the corridor and in junctions. In addition, the gaze points of the evacuees are quantified by the horizontal and vertical directions according to the type of junction where the wayfinding decisions occur. This investigation showed that there are marked differences depending on the type.

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“…In fact, self‐reported stated preferences have been used to evaluate the emergency exit portal designs. Stated preference studies may be linked to limitations such as systematic bias and questionnaire fatigue (which has been addressed in this case adopting a randomization of scenarios) …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mobile‐powered head‐mounted displays versus cave automatic virtual environment experiments for evacuation research

Ronchi

Mayorga

Lovreglio

et al. 2019

Computer Animation & Virtual

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Different virtual reality (VR) experimental tools and equipment are available for evacuation research, ranging from highly immersive systems such as cave automatic virtual environments (CAVEs) to head-mounted displays (HMDs).In particular, mobile-powered HMDs are an extremely cost-efficient solution, for which the research potential for evacuation studies needs to be assessed.This study compares the results of tunnel evacuation experiments aimed at investigating the design of flashing lights on emergency exit portals using two different VR methods (CAVE vs. mobile-powered HMD). The experiments were performed by repeating the same case study in a CAVE laboratory and a low-cost mobile-powered HMD. The CAVE experiment involved 96 participants, whereas the HMD experiment involved 55 participants. An affordance-based questionnaire was used to interview participants immersed in a VR road tunnel emergency evacuation scenario and rank different emergency portal designs.Questionnaire results show consistency between the two experimental methods for the variables investigated, thus leading to be in favor of the use of low-cost mobile-powered HMD tools in evacuation scenarios with a relatively limited level of complexity.

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What color are emergency exit signs? Egress behavior differs from verbal report

Cited by 63 publications

References 20 publications

The Physiological Experimental Study on the Effect of Different Color of Safety Signs on a Virtual Subway Fire Escape—An Exploratory Case Study of Zijing Mountain Subway Station

The Physiological Experimental Study on the Effect of Different Color of Safety Signs on a Virtual Subway Fire Escape—An Exploratory Case Study of Zijing Mountain Subway Station

Gaze Point in the Evacuation Drills: Analysis of Eye Movement at the Indoor Wayfinding

Mobile‐powered head‐mounted displays versus cave automatic virtual environment experiments for evacuation research

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