What Causes Stuttering?

Büchel, Christian; Sommer, Martin

doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0020046

Cited by 117 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…8 This rate was higher than previously reported, [9][10][11] presumably because our study began in infancy before speech development, and we identified many early cases missed by other studies that did not assess children until they were 3 years of age or older. 9 Although many antecedents and risk factors for stuttering have been proposed, [11][12][13][14] we did not find early stuttering onset to be associated with any social or environmental factors. Only 3.7% of the variation in stuttering onset was explained in our multivariable models.…”

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confidence: 53%

Natural History of Stuttering to 4 Years of Age: A Prospective Community-Based Study

et al. 2013

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WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT: Stuttering is extremely common, with 8.5% of children affected by age 3 years in a prospective community-ascertained cohort of Australian children. The natural history and comorbidities of early stuttering are uncertain at the population level.WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS: The cumulative incidence of stuttering was 11% by 4 years. Stuttering children were similar in temperament and social-emotional development but had better verbal and nonverbal skills than their peers. Recovery from stuttering was low; 6.3% 12 months after onset. abstract OBJECTIVES: To document the natural history of stuttering by age 4 years, including (1) cumulative incidence of onset, (2) 12-month recovery status, (3) predictors of stuttering onset and recovery, and (4) potential comorbidities. The study cohort was a prospective community-ascertained cohort (the Early Language in Victoria Study) from Melbourne, Australia, of 4-year-old children (n = 1619; recruited at age 8 months) and their mothers. METHODS:Outcome was stuttering onset by age 4 years and recovery within 12 months of onset, defined using concurrent monthly parent and speech pathologist ratings. Potential predictors: child gender, birth weight, birth order, prematurity, and twinning; maternal mental health and education; socioeconomic status; and family history of stuttering. Potential comorbidities: preonset and concurrent temperament, language, nonverbal cognition, and health-related quality of life.RESULTS: By age 4 years, the cumulative incidence of stuttering onset was 11.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 9.7% to 12.8%). Higher maternal education (P = .004), male gender (P = .02), and twinning (P = .005) predicted stuttering onset. At outcome, stuttering children had stronger language (mean [SD]: 105.0 [13.0] vs 99.6 [14.6]; mean difference 5.5, 95% CI: 3.1 to 7.8; P , .001) and nonverbal cognition (mean [SD]: 106.5 [11.4] vs 103.9 [13.7], mean difference 2.6, 95% CI: 0.4 to 4.8; P = .02) and better health-related quality of life but were otherwise similar to their nonstuttering peers. Only 9 of 142 children (6.3%; 95% CI: 2.9% to 11.7%) recovered within 12 months of onset. CONCLUSIONS:Although stuttering onset is common in preschoolers, adverse affects are not the norm in the first year after onset. Pediatrics 2013;132: [460][461][462][463][464][465][466][467]

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confidence: 53%

Natural History of Stuttering to 4 Years of Age: A Prospective Community-Based Study

et al. 2013

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“…A consistent finding in this regard is that children who stutter since the early onset of the disorder present more within-word disfluencies, as sound repetition or part of the word repetition and prolongation of sound, than children who do not stutter (23) . Concerning the physical stress factors or the prenatal, natal, or neonatal morbid history, the literature reported that the patients with no family history of stuttering can be associated with some form of early brain damage, as traumas or diseases that occurred at the birth or in the development (24) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Fatores de risco para gagueira em crianças disfluentes com recorrência familial

Oliveira

Cunha

Santos

2013

Audiol., Commun. Res.

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Purpose: To characterize the factors gender, age, duration and typology of the disfluencies; physical and emotional stresses in children with high risk for stuttering and with familial recurrence of the disorder. Methods:Sixty-five children with high risk for developmental familial stuttering of both genders, with ages between 3 and 11 years and 11 months. The data were gathered through the Protocol of Risk for the Developmental Stuttering. Results: In our findings the ratio male:female was 2.8:1, and the majority of the children were aged 3 years old. Significantly more children presented more than 12 months' duration of the disfluencies when compared to children that presented 6 to 12 months' duration. The majority showed some emotional stress and didn't show any physical stress. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that children with familial recurrence of stuttering, male, with 3 years old, with stuttering--like disfluencies (SLD) lasting for more than 12 months and with the occurrence of emotional stresses are the children that present the higher risk for the development of the persistent stuttering.

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“…1 Data on the prevalence of stuttering are limited, but one study of 12,000 Australian individuals of all ages found a prevalence of 0.72 %, which is comparable to estimates of the prevalence of blindness or rheumatoid arthritis. [2][3][4] Stuttering frequency and severity are often increased in situations of high stress, when talking on the telephone, or when talking with authority figures like police officers or physicians.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“Not Unless It’s a Life or Death Thing”: A Qualitative Study of the Health Care Experiences of Adults Who Stutter

2015

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BACKGROUND:For adults who stutter, communication difficulties can impact many spheres of life. Previous studies have not examined how stuttering might impact patient's experiences with the medical system. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to understand the range and depth of experiences with the medical system among adults who stutter. DESIGN: This was a qualitative study using age-stratified focus groups. PARTICIPANTS: Sixteen adults who stutter were recruited at a national conference about stuttering. APPROACH: We conducted three focus groups. Participants also completed a written questionnaire about sociodemographic characteristics, health status, and the impact of stuttering on their life [using the St. Louis Inventory of Life Perspectives Scale (SL-ILP-S) Total Effect Score]. We analyzed data using an iterative, thematic analysis, with an inductive approach, at a semantic level. KEY RESULTS: Participants were mostly (75 %) male and resided throughout the United States. The mean SL-ILP-S Total Effect Score was 27.3, indicating that stuttering caused minimal concern in participants' lives. Despite this, we identified five themes that characterize ways in which stuttering affects interactions with the medical system. Participants described (1) discomfort speaking with office staff and physicians, which resulted in (2) avoiding health care interactions because of stuttering, and (3) relying on a third party to navigate the medical system. During visits with physicians, participants felt that (4) discussing stuttering with physicians required trust and rapport, and (5) speaking assertively with physicians required selfacceptance of their stuttering. CONCLUSIONS: We identified ways in which stuttering affects medical interactions. These results highlight the need for increased awareness and training for medical staff and physicians when caring for persons who stutter. Future studies among diverse samples of stutterers can determine the effects of stuttering on medical interactions, and inform the development of interventions to provide high quality health care for adults who stutter.

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What Causes Stuttering?

Abstract: The mystery of a sometimes debilitating speech disorder is examined by cognitive neuroscientists

Cited by 117 publications

References 48 publications

Natural History of Stuttering to 4 Years of Age: A Prospective Community-Based Study

Natural History of Stuttering to 4 Years of Age: A Prospective Community-Based Study

Fatores de risco para gagueira em crianças disfluentes com recorrência familial

“Not Unless It’s a Life or Death Thing”: A Qualitative Study of the Health Care Experiences of Adults Who Stutter

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