What are the active ingredients in cognitive and behavioral psychotherapy for anxious and depressed children? A meta-analytic review

Spielmans, Glen I.; Pasek, Leigh F.; McFall, Joseph P.

doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2006.06.001

Cited by 100 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Original studies had to meet the following eligibility criteria: (a) participants reported clinically elevated levels of PTS, as evidenced by a DSM-IV diagnosis of acute stress disorder or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), or by symptom levels exceeding widely accepted clinical cutoff scores on self-report measures; (b) writing therapy was directly compared to another PTS treatment and/or to a no-treatment control condition, given the methodological concerns associated with indirect comparisons of effect sizes (ES) obtained from different original studies [3,25,26]; (c) the study investigated an intervention in which writing was the primary therapeutic procedure, consisted of at least two sessions, and included some form of feedback or discussion of participants’ essays with a clinician. Of note, the outcome measures used in the original studies to determine diagnostic status or symptom severity (eligibility criteria a and c) were not a priori restricted to one or more specific instruments [27].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Writing Therapy for Posttraumatic Stress: A Meta-Analysis

Emmerik

Reijntjes

Kamphuis

2012

Psychother Psychosom

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Background: Face-to-face psychological treatments have difficulty meeting today’s growing mental health needs. For the highly prevalent posttraumatic stress (PTS) conditions, accumulating evidence suggests that writing therapy may constitute an efficient treatment modality, especially when administered through the Internet. We therefore conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the efficacy of writing therapies for PTS and comorbid depressive symptoms. Methods: The literature was searched using several structured and unstructured strategies, including key word searches of the PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and PILOTS databases. Six studies met eligibility criteria and were included in the analyses. These studies included a total of 633 participants, of which 304 were assigned to writing therapy. Results: Across 5 direct comparisons of writing therapy to waiting-list control, writing therapy resulted in significant and substantial short-term reductions in PTS and comorbid depressive symptoms. There was no difference in efficacy between writing therapy and trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy, but we caution that this finding was based on only 2 direct comparisons. Conclusions: Writing therapy is an evidence-based treatment for PTS, and constitutes a useful treatment alternative for patients who do not respond to other evidence-based treatments. Internet adaptations of writing therapy for PTS may be especially useful for reaching trauma survivors in need of evidence-based mental health care who live in remote areas or who prefer to retain their anonymity.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Writing Therapy for Posttraumatic Stress: A Meta-Analysis

Emmerik

Reijntjes

Kamphuis

2012

Psychother Psychosom

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“…The bad news is that the active ingredients are unknown. Researchers are currently trying to unpack successful therapies to identify what is critical and what is superfluous, but this is painstaking work (e.g., Spielmans, Pasek, & McFall, 2007). On the other hand, we have the example of simple interventions, which are known to boost, at least in the short run, an individual s well-being (Seligman et al, 2005), followed by the suggestion that one simply juxtapose all of these simple interventions, under the assumption that the sum will somehow be equal to or even greater than the parts.…”

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Achieving and Sustaining a Good Life

Park¹,

Peterson

2009

Perspect Psychol Sci

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How can we live well? To answer this question, psychology must acknowledge and integrate its descriptive and prescriptive components. One of psychology s strengths has been its willingness to embrace different purposes, perspectives, and approaches, and this recommendation is in the spirit of the field s history. At present, psychology knows more about people s problems and how to solve them than it does about what it means to live well and how to encourage and maintain such a life. Moreover, what is known is often fragmented because of psychology s specialization. Our article calls for further discussion in psychological terms of what it means to live well; the study of actual people and how they behave; multivariate, multimethod, and longitudinal research; more sophisticated interventions; interdisciplinary collaboration; and translational research.

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“…Weisz, Jensen-Doss, and Hawley (2006) concluded from their meta-analysis of child and family psychotherapy research that ESTs have generally outperformed ''usual care'' in direct, randomized comparisons, although effects at posttreatment were in the small to medium range. However, two othermeta-analytic studies (Miller, Wampold, & Varhely, 2008;Spielmans, Pasek, & McFall, 2007) found that only a very small portion of the variance in youth treatment was attributable to specific factors. The findings and conclusions from these later studies are consistent with the common factors approach, emphasizing that nontechnical aspects of psychotherapy are most responsible for treatment effectiveness.…”

Section: Utilizing Psychotherapy Research To Guide Training and Supermentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparing Child Psychologists for Managed Care: Educational and Training Considerations

Pickar¹,

Lindsey²

2008

Brief Treatment and Crisis Intervention

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In today's health care marketplace dominated by Health Maintenance Organizations and managed care, psychology internship and residency programs must increasingly prepare child psychologists to practice in a variety of managed care settings. Educational and training considerations are outlined to provide a framework for supervising child psychologists in such settings. Principles of practice in managed care are first addressed. Training should be guided by both the teaching of evidence-based practices and common factors research emphasizing the nontechnical aspects of care (i.e., therapeutic alliance, client/extratherapeutic factors). The utility of integrative child and family therapy models is highlighted, and training recommendations specific to managed care settings are presented. [Brief Treatment and Crisis Intervention 8:370-380 (2009)] KEY WORDS: managed care, child psychology training, clinical supervision, brief psychotherapy, child and adolescent psychotherapy.

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What are the active ingredients in cognitive and behavioral psychotherapy for anxious and depressed children? A meta-analytic review

Cited by 100 publications

References 67 publications

Writing Therapy for Posttraumatic Stress: A Meta-Analysis

Writing Therapy for Posttraumatic Stress: A Meta-Analysis

Achieving and Sustaining a Good Life

Preparing Child Psychologists for Managed Care: Educational and Training Considerations

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