“Wetting” Phase Transitions by the Second Solid Phase for Linear Defects (Grain Boundary Triple Junctions)

Страумал, А. Б.; Mazilkin, I. A.; Tsoi, K. V.; Baretzky, B.; Straumal, Boris B.

doi:10.1134/s0021364020160031

Cited by 34 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In the micrograph, the magnesium matrix appears dark, while the particles of the second Such a phenomenon for the wetting of GB TJs by a melt was observed experimentally for the first time for aluminum-based alloys [87]. Indeed, it turned out that the difference in temperature between the wetting transition for TJs and GBs is quite measurable and reaches about 15-20 • C. The wetting of GB TJs by the other solid phase was first studied on magnesium alloy EZ33A [125]. Figure 14a shows the microstructure of such an alloy.…”

Section: Wetting Of Grain Boundary Triple Junctions By the Second Sol...mentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Indeed, it turned out that the difference in temperature between the wetting transition for TJs and GBs is quite measurable and reaches about 15-20 °C. The wetting of GB TJs by the other solid phase was first studied on magnesium alloy EZ33A [125]. Figure 14a shows the microstructure of such an alloy.…”

Section: Wetting Of Grain Boundary Triple Junctions By the Second Sol...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Almost 20 years have passed since the discovery of the phenomenon of GB wetting by other solid phases in 2004 [17]. The indications of GB wetting by other solid phases were found and studied in a large circle of systems such as Al alloys [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35], Fe-based alloys and steels , Co-and Ni-based alloys [77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85], Cu alloys [86][87][88][89][90], Ti-and Zr-based alloys , Mg alloys [124][125][126][127][128][129][130][131], as well multicomponent and high-entropy alloys [132][133][134][135][136]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Grain Boundary Wetting by the Second Solid Phase: 20 Years of History

Straumal

Lepkova

Korneva

et al. 2023

Metals

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Grain boundaries (GBs) can be wetted by a second phase. This phase can be not only liquid (or melted), but it can also be solid. GB wetting can be incomplete (partial) or complete. In the case of incomplete (partial) wetting, the liquid forms in the GB droplets, and the second solid phase forms a chain of (usually lenticular) precipitates. Droplets or precipitates have a non-zero contact angle with the GB. In the case of complete GB wetting, the second phase (liquid or solid) forms in the GB continuous layers between matrix grains. These GB layers completely separate the matrix crystallites from each other. GB wetting by a second solid phase has some important differences from GB wetting by the melt phase. In the latter case, the contact angle always decreases with increasing temperature. If the wetting phase is solid, the contact angle can also increase with increasing temperature. Moreover, the transition from partial to complete wetting can be followed by the opposite transition from complete to partial GB wetting. The GB triple junctions are completely wetted in the broader temperature interval than GBs. Since Phase 2 is also solid, it contains GBs as well. This means that not only can Phase 2 wet the GBs in Phase 1, but the opposite can also occur when Phase 1 can wet the GBs in Phase 2. GB wetting by the second solid phase was observed in the Al-, Mg-, Co-, Ni-, Fe-, Cu-, Zr-, and Ti-based alloys as well as in multicomponent alloys, including high-entropy ones. It can seriously influence various properties of materials.

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Section: Wetting Of Grain Boundary Triple Junctions By the Second Sol...mentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Wetting Of Grain Boundary Triple Junctions By the Second Sol...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Grain Boundary Wetting by the Second Solid Phase: 20 Years of History

Straumal

Lepkova

Korneva

et al. 2023

Metals

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“…In the case of GB TJ, the "star" of three GBs is substituted by the triangle of IBs. In other words, we have a softer wetting condition, σ GB > 3 1 /2 σ SL , instead of σ GB > 2σ SL and, therefore, T wTJ should be lower than T wmin [85,86]. In the case of TJ wetting by the second solid phase, not only T w is present in the phase diagram but also T dw .…”

Section: Grain Boundary Wetting Phenomenamentioning

confidence: 95%

Grain Boundary Wetting Phenomena in High Entropy Alloys Containing Nitrides, Carbides, Borides, Silicides, and Hydrogen: A Review

et al. 2021

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In this review, we analyze the structure of multicomponent alloys without principal components (they are also called high entropy alloys—HEAs), containing not only metals but also hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon, boron, or silicon. In particular, we discuss the phenomenon of grain boundary (GB) wetting by the melt or solid phase. The GB wetting can be complete or incomplete (partial). In the former case, the grains of the matrix are completely separated by the continuous layer of the second phase (solid or liquid). In the latter case of partial GB wetting, the second solid phase forms, between the matrix grains, a chain of (usually lenticular) precipitates or droplets with a non-zero value of the contact angle. To deal with the morphology of GBs, the new GB tie-lines are used, which can be constructed in the two- or multiphase areas of the multidimensional HEAs phase diagrams. The GBs in HEAs in the case of complete or partial wetting can also contain hydrides, nitrides, carbides, borides, or silicides. Thus, GB wetting by the hydrides, nitrides, carbides, borides, or silicides can be used in the so-called grain boundary chemical engineering in order to improve the properties of respective HEAs.

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“…Our previous investigations have primarily focused on the EZ33A alloy, revealing the presence of GB wetting phase transitions involving second liquid and solid phases at various temperatures [3,4,96]. The EZ33A is a widely used magnesium casting alloy in the industry, particularly for manufacturing bulk parts like differentials' housings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coexistence of Intermetallic Complexions and Bulk Particles in Grain Boundaries in the ZEK100 Alloy

Straumal

Tsoy

Дружинин

et al. 2023

Metals

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Magnesium-based alloys are highly sought after in the industry due to their lightweight and reliable strength. However, the hexagonal crystal structure of magnesium results in the mechanical properties’ anisotropy. This anisotropy is effectively addressed by alloying magnesium with elements like zirconium, zinc, and rare earth metals (REM). The addition of these elements promotes rapid seed formation, yielding small grains with a uniform orientation distribution, thereby reducing anisotropy. Despite these benefits, the formation of intermetallic phases (IP) containing Zn, Zr, and REM within the microstructure can be a concern. Some of these IP phases can be exceedingly hard and brittle, thus weakening the material by providing easy pathways for crack propagation along grain boundaries (GBs). This issue becomes particularly significant if intermetallic phases form continuous layers along the entire GB between two neighboring GB triple junctions, a phenomenon known as complete GB wetting. To mitigate the risks associated with complete GB wetting and prevent the weakening of the alloy’s structure, understanding the potential occurrence of a GB wetting phase transition and how to control continuous GB layers of IP phases becomes crucial. In the investigation of a commercial magnesium alloy, ZEK100, the GB wetting phase transition (i.e., between complete and partial GB wetting) was successfully studied and confirmed. Notably, complete GB wetting was observed at temperatures near the liquidus point of the alloy. However, at lower temperatures, a coexistence of a nano-scaled precipitate film and bulk particles with nonzero contact angles within the same GB was observed. This insight into the wetting transition characteristics holds potential to expand the range of applications for the present alloy in the industry. By understanding and controlling GB wetting phenomena, the alloy’s mechanical properties and structural integrity can be enhanced, paving the way for its wider utilization in various industrial applications.

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“Wetting” Phase Transitions by the Second Solid Phase for Linear Defects (Grain Boundary Triple Junctions)

Cited by 34 publications

References 32 publications

Grain Boundary Wetting by the Second Solid Phase: 20 Years of History

Grain Boundary Wetting by the Second Solid Phase: 20 Years of History

Grain Boundary Wetting Phenomena in High Entropy Alloys Containing Nitrides, Carbides, Borides, Silicides, and Hydrogen: A Review

Coexistence of Intermetallic Complexions and Bulk Particles in Grain Boundaries in the ZEK100 Alloy

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