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Durings evere plastic deformation (SPD),asteady-state is usually reached after ac ertain value of strain( i. e. number of passes duringequal-channelpressing or number of rotations during high pressure torsion). The structure and properties of amaterial in asteadystate (including composition of phases) do not depend on those in the starting state before SPD.Inother wordsthey are equifinal, and the production of lattice defects is in dynamicequilibriumwithdefect elimination. Moreover, the SPD-treatment at ambient temperature T SPD =300 Ki sf requently equivalent to the heat treatment at ac ertain elevatedt emperature T eff >300 K. For example, the composition of phases in Cu -Ni, Co -Cu and Nd -Fe-B-based alloys after high pressure torsion corresponds to the states at 200,8 90 and 1170 8 C, respectively, and is rather insensitive to the highpressure torsion rate (between 0.2 and 2r pm) and pressure (between 3a nd 8GPa).

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