Wetting, deterioration and visual features of stone surfaces in an urban area

Camuffo, Dario; Monte, Marco Del; Sabbioni, C.; Vittori, O.

doi:10.1016/0004-6981(82)90296-7

Cited by 163 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…On calcareous stones, it has been suggested that water mobilizes any compounds on the stone surface (due to dry deposition), increasing the pH of the solution. Condensation (due to frogs and night dew) can be relevant, particularly in springtime when warm and humid air masses reach stony surfaces at temperatures below the dew point (Camuffo et al 1982). Wet deposition of sulphur gaseous compounds is generally considered less important in the acid decay of building materials than dry deposition.…”

Section: Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decay effects of pollutants on stony materials in the built environment

Sanjurjo-Sánchez

Alves

2011

Environ Chem Lett

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This review discuss the effects that pollutants have on stony materials applied on the built environment, illustrating different macroscopical products (pathologies) that can affect historical and modern architectural works. The impact of the decay processes is related to the susceptibility of the materials, environmental conditions and the kind of pollutants that degrade building materials. Here are reviewed the main decay processes resulting from the actions of gases, particulate matter and solutions (from wet deposition to capillary rising and including circulating waters such as run-off), showing that besides atmospheric pollution, also pollutants rising from the ground can cause important deterioration on building materials. Following, the use of tracers is considered for the study of pollutant sources and migration, including neoformation minerals (that might also constitute markers of environmental conditions) and chemical tracers, giving special attention to isotopic tracers, namely to proposals regarding the use of some stable and radioactive isotopes for the study of pollutants that have strong potential but have not been tested yet are also presented. At the end of this chapter, some final considerations are made on the problem of durability assessment of materials in the built environment and also on the use of tracers to assess the origin of damaging compounds in the built environment.

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Section: Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decay effects of pollutants on stony materials in the built environment

Sanjurjo-Sánchez

Alves

2011

Environ Chem Lett

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“…From a mineralogical standpoint, the crust composition has been studied in depth by optical microscopy observations of thin sections in transmitted light and X-ray diffraction and SEM analysis, which have disclosed the important role of aerosol in determining crust formation (Camuffo et al, 1982;Del Monte et al, 2001;Amoroso, 2002;Fassina et al, 2004;Bonazza, Sabbioni, and Ghedini, 2005;Perez-Monserrat et al, 2013;Ozga et al, 2013). The crusts are mainly composed of (80-90%) gypsum with lamellar/needle shape and/or microcrystalline habit due to dry and wet atmospheric SO 2 deposition.…”

Section: Damage To Carbonate Stonementioning

confidence: 99%

Aerosol Impact on Cultural Heritage: Deterioration Processes and Strategies for Preventive Conservation

Bonazza

Nuntiis

Mandrioli

et al. 2016

Atmospheric Aerosols

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“…The principal product of many cultural artifact degradation reactions is gypsum, resulting from the interaction between SO 2 or SO 4 2-and CaCO 3 in the artifacts (Camuffo et al, 1982). Both simulation chamber and field tests indicate that deposition of fly ash on carbonate stone surfaces leads to the formation of a sulfated black crust (Ausset et al, 1999).…”

Section: S-containing Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microanalysis of Dust Deposition inside Emperor Qin's Terra-Cotta Warriors and Horses Museum

Cao

Lee

et al. 2010

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Indoor dust deposition, including long-term (>10 years) deposition, short-term (~0.5 year) deposition, and pigment flake samples from partially restored warriors were collected in Emperor Qin's Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses Museum in Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China. Morphological and elemental analyses of individual particles were performed with scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry to investigate their composition and potential to damage the statues. Most of the indoor dust was composed of clay minerals, fly ash, and biogenic particles. Particles in 51.5% of the short-term deposition, and 49.5% of the long-term deposition contained elemental sulfur. Particles which contained sulfur were mostly associated with calcium sulfate in an internally mixed state with clay or quartz. Crystals of calcium sulfate were also found near interconnected pits and cracks on the outer surface of pigment flakes, revealing an acidic chemical reaction between sulfur dioxide and pigment material or deposited particles as the cause of pits and cracks on the statues' faces.

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Wetting, deterioration and visual features of stone surfaces in an urban area

Cited by 163 publications

References 6 publications

Decay effects of pollutants on stony materials in the built environment

Decay effects of pollutants on stony materials in the built environment

Aerosol Impact on Cultural Heritage: Deterioration Processes and Strategies for Preventive Conservation

Microanalysis of Dust Deposition inside Emperor Qin's Terra-Cotta Warriors and Horses Museum

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