Wetting Behavior of Alder (Alnus cordata (Loisel) Duby) Wood Surface: Effect of Thermo-Treatment and Alkyl Ketene Dimer (AKD)

Lovaglio, Teresa; Gindl‐Altmutter, Wolfgang; Meints, Tillmann; Moretti, Nicola; Todaro, Luigi

doi:10.3390/f10090770

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(55 reference statements)

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“…In addition, two other characteristic peaks AKD at 1848 and 1721 cm –1 ( Figure 8 a) attributed to the stretching vibrations of the enol and carbonyl groups in the lactone ring, respectively, 23 , 24 disappeared for the AKD-modified wood, indicating that the AKD structure in the wood changed. According to previous studies, 15 − 19 AKD can react with the hydroxyl groups of cellulose and form a β-keto ester; the corresponding IR characteristic peaks were located at 1735 and 1710 cm –1 , respectively. Theoretically, AKD can react with wood.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 73%

“… 18 Lovaglio studied the wetting behavior of heat treatment and AKD on alder ( Alnus cordata (Loisel) Duby). 19 However, as wood is an anisotropic and porous natural material, the effects of wood surface morphology, species, and sections, which are closely involved in AKD modification performance, have not been investigated to date. The exhibition of excellent self-cleaning properties by AKD-modified wood has not been demonstrated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fabrication of Durable Hydrophobic/Superhydrophobic Wood Using an Alkyl Ketene Dimer by a Simple and Feasible Method

et al. 2022

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To improve the hydrophobicity of precious hardwood, a facile sanding pretreatment and alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) modification were performed. After the AKD modification, the wood was highly hydrophobic, and the contact angle was 143°. The increased hydrophobicity could be attributed to the ester bond formed between the wood hydroxyl groups and AKD, which was confirmed by attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Sanding pretreatment could further greatly increase the wood hydrophobicity and render it superhydrophobic, not only in a cross-section but also in the tangential and radial sections. The changed wood surface roughness could be responsible for the increased hydrophobicity, which was confirmed by characterization with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a three-dimensional optical microscope. Apart from the improved hydrophobicity, the AKD-modified wood exhibited excellent water, acid, and toluene resistance. After a 12 h immersion, the contact angle did not change significantly, and the acid immersion contributed to an improvement in the hydrophobicity of the wood. Furthermore, the resultant AKD-modified wood exhibited an excellent self-cleaning effect.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of Durable Hydrophobic/Superhydrophobic Wood Using an Alkyl Ketene Dimer by a Simple and Feasible Method

et al. 2022

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“…This led to the formation of β-ketoester bonds due to the reaction between the lactone ring of AKD and the −OH groups of cellulose. 13 , 30 , 31 The wood products with superhydrophobic or water-repellent properties were finally obtained.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Water-Based Alkyl Ketene Dimer (AKD) Nanoparticles and Their Use in Superhydrophobic Treatments of Value-Added Teakwood Products

et al. 2022

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A process for preparing emulsions of alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) nanoparticles via a nanoemulsion template (emulsion/evaporation) method has been developed. The effects of types and contents of stabilizing agents, i.e. , anionic (sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS), cationic (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, CTAB), amphoteric (phosphatidylcholine, PC), and polymeric (poly(vinyl alcohol), PVA), on the colloidal stability and hydrodynamic size of the AKD nanoparticles are investigated. The use of 0.1 wt % anionic SDS as a stabilizer generates nanoparticles with high stability and the smallest average size of 148 ± 5 nm. The environmentally friendly water-based emulsion prepared without halogenated compounds and harsh organic solvents is then applied to enhance the hydrophobicity of teakwood products by a simple dipping process. The properties and structures of the resulting treated woods are examined by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and water contact angle (WCA) measurements. The treated woods show superhydrophobicity with a WCA value of 150 ± 2°, as the emulsion generates a hydrophobic layer covering the wood surfaces due to the β-ketoester bond formation and the arrangement of AKD hydrophobic tails. The nanosized nanoparticles can penetrate the dense structure of the teakwood and form similar bonding for up to a 0.8 mm depth, generating a protective water-repellent layer in the wood structure. The emulsion has high potential for use in the commercial production of value-added teakwood products, with excellent water-resistant properties and high dimensional instability, without altering their physical appearances.

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“…Tale temperatura, bassa per i trattamenti tradizionali, nel caso del vapore saturo permette trattamenti molto veloci a valori di pressione contenuti (circa 6 bar). Le proprietà meccaniche verificate sono state: resilienza (secondo la UNI ISO 3348), resistenza a flessione statica (secondo la UNI ISO 3133) e modulo elastico dinamico mediante ultrasuoni , Fioravanti et al 2019, Lovaglio et al 2019.…”

Section: Principali Risultati Della Ricercaunclassified

The short wood supply chain: an opportunity for the forest bio-economy in Italy

Mugnozza¹,

Romagnoli²,

Fragiacomo³

et al. 2021

Forest@

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The short wood supply chain: an opportunity for the forest bio-economy in ItalyThe motivations for the National Research Project on the Short Wood Supply Chain stem from the recognition of the great importance of the wood-based bio-economy for the future carbon-free society. In addition to the essential ecological benefits provided by forests, natural wood resources are expected to play a significant role due to the increasing wood demand for structural and non-structural uses. However, in Italy most industrial wood products are made from imported timber, which results in poor attention to local forestry, loss of traditional silvicultural know-how and reduced forest employment in most mountain areas. The project specifically aims: (i) to assess the feasability and sustainability of wood short supply chains; (ii) to promote new models of environmental certification and energy efficiency analysis; (iii) to create innovative products for bio-building (CrossLam, laminated timber, wood panels) using wood assortments from sustainable forest management in Italy; (iv) to characterise the functionality of wood products (with attention paid to architectural issues), predict wood degradation rate and assess conservation methods. Attention is specifically devoted to most common forest species in Italy, such as beech, pines, chestnut, deciduous oaks and poplar and to test thermal and surface treatments with natural substances and nano-materials.

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Wetting Behavior of Alder (Alnus cordata (Loisel) Duby) Wood Surface: Effect of Thermo-Treatment and Alkyl Ketene Dimer (AKD)

Cited by 12 publications

References 42 publications

Fabrication of Durable Hydrophobic/Superhydrophobic Wood Using an Alkyl Ketene Dimer by a Simple and Feasible Method

Fabrication of Durable Hydrophobic/Superhydrophobic Wood Using an Alkyl Ketene Dimer by a Simple and Feasible Method

Preparation of Water-Based Alkyl Ketene Dimer (AKD) Nanoparticles and Their Use in Superhydrophobic Treatments of Value-Added Teakwood Products

The short wood supply chain: an opportunity for the forest bio-economy in Italy

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