Wetting and reactions in the lead borosilicate glass-precious metal systems

Nagesh, V.K.; Tomsia, Antoni P.; Pask, Joseph A.

doi:10.1007/bf00555012

Cited by 34 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Different phases are formed in the contact during firing, as has been described in various publications [7][8][9]. Depending on the used Ag paste, different metal oxides can be part of the glass; zinc oxide, for example, is often added by paste manufacturers and was observed to be part of the glass layer [4].…”

Section: Watts-type Ni-electrolyte Exposure Of Contact Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Origin of corrosion effects in solar cell contacts during electrochemical nickel deposition

et al. 2014

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In the present study, the chemical interaction between screen-printed solar cell front-side contacts and electrolyte solutions is investigated in detail. Especially the Ni-plating process is known to lower the mechanical adhesion of solar cell contacts significantly. The mechanisms behind this adhesion loss were analyzed by performing contact exposure experiments with and without applied voltage in electrolyte solutions with subsequent characterization of the contact peel-force, complemented with X-ray-diffraction investigations of the material changes in the solid contact compounds. Reaction paths, behind the contact corrosion, as observed in SEM images, were identified: PbO and Ag2O out of the contact react with sulphates and chlorides in the electrolyte, forming lead sulphate and silver chloride. If a voltage is applied to the contacts an alternative more effective reaction path were identified. The voltage offers the possibility to reduce the dissolved lead and silver, and this shifts the equilibrium reactions strongly towards further dissolution. The activity of the reduction was found to depend on the reduction potential of the cations in the used electrolyte solution. The less noble the metal to be deposited on the solar cell contacts, the more difficult it is to achieve the deposition without adhesion loss of the screen-printed solar cell contact

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Section: Watts-type Ni-electrolyte Exposure Of Contact Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Origin of corrosion effects in solar cell contacts during electrochemical nickel deposition

et al. 2014

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“…The softened (or melted) inorganic binder activates granular transformation. Nagesh et al reported that movement of the liquid (glass) along the grain boundary is noticeable [20].…”

Section: Microstructure Of Thick Filmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The average adhesion strength of thick film was 2.5 kgf mm À2 . The high adhesion strength was attributed to the porous microstructure in the interface between thick film and substrate due to the interface reaction [7,8,20].…”

Section: Microstructure Of Thick Filmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of ultra fine copper–nickel bimetallic powders for conductive thick film

et al. 2007

Intermetallics

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“…It is well known that in nonreactive cases, liquid metals show obtuse contact angles on ceramics [38, 40─42]. On the other hand, molten oxides tend to exhibit low contact angles on the metals [3,34,43], a fact that is usually attributed to their low surface tension [3].…”

Section: Work Of Adhesionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wetting of metals and glasses on Mo

Tomsia

Saiz

López-Esteban

et al. 2007

International Journal of Materials Research

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Wetting of metals and glasses on MoThe wetting of low melting point metals and Si─Ca─Al─Ti─O glasses on molybdenum has been investigated. The selected metals (Au, Cu, Ag) form a simple eutectic with Mo. Metal spreading occurs under nonreactive conditions without interdiffusion or ridge formation. The metals exhibit low (non-zero) contact angles on Mo but this requires temperatures higher than 1100 °C in reducing atmospheres in order to eliminate a layer of adsorbed impurities on the molybdenum surface. By controlling the oxygen activity in the furnace, glass spreading can take place under reactive or nonreactive conditions. We have found that in the glass/Mo system the contact angle does not decrease under reactive conditions. In all cases, adsorption from the liquid seems to accelerate the diffusivity on the free molybdenum surface.

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Wetting and reactions in the lead borosilicate glass-precious metal systems

Cited by 34 publications

References 10 publications

Origin of corrosion effects in solar cell contacts during electrochemical nickel deposition

Origin of corrosion effects in solar cell contacts during electrochemical nickel deposition

Preparation of ultra fine copper–nickel bimetallic powders for conductive thick film

Wetting of metals and glasses on Mo

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